联邦隐私权法案 – 草案
Federal Right to Privacy Act – Draft legislation

原始链接: https://righttoprivacyact.github.io

## 隐私的侵蚀与解决方案 我们的个人数据正被前所未有地收集、分析和利用,在未经我们知情或同意的情况下创建了详细的“影子档案”。从汽车遥测数据和学校记录到面部识别和抓取的在线习惯,公司甚至政府正在构建关于个人的大量档案——这种做法日益受到数据经纪人和监控技术的推动。这种广泛的追踪威胁着基本的美国自由和“被放任的权利”。 为了应对这一问题,一项全面的隐私法案已被提议。它旨在为商业监控、数据经纪和政府获取私人信息设定明确的限制,优先考虑个人对其个人数据的控制权。主要条款包括选择加入的数据收集同意、对敏感数据(如医疗记录)的保护,以及对车牌识别器和监控摄像头等技术的限制。 该法案还侧重于更新现有法律、确保数据身份验证,并实施强有力的执法机制,以恢复隐私保护并确保问责制。它仍在进行中,积极寻求公众审查和测试,以确保有效实施。

一份名为“联邦隐私权法案”的草案正在流传,引发了 Hacker News 的讨论。一些人认为这是迈向更强数据保护的勇敢一步,但普遍的观点是,该法案将面临来自广告技术、营销技术和人工智能领域(如谷歌、脸书和 OpenAI)的强大、以经济利益为驱动的公司难以逾越的反对。 评论员担心,将这项努力视为徒劳会适得其反,让那些从当前数据实践中获益的人得逞。一位用户强调了缺乏隐私带来的日益增长的安全风险,尤其是在人工智能兴起的情况下,并认为即使面临重重困难,也应该采取积极措施。 法案中一项要求使用社会安全号码进行身份验证的具体条款也引发了质疑,用户们寻求对其预期用途以及谁将负责身份验证过程的澄清。 总体讨论的中心是,在强大的企业游说力量面前,有意义的隐私立法是否可行。
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原文

The Problem: Deterioration of Privacy

Most people do not know how much of their lives is being quietly collected, cross-linked, sold, scored, and stored. Your car can become a mobile telemetry device. Your child's school has a wealth of data spread through untrustworthy vendors including health records, birth certificates, videos, photos. Companies can scrape your movements, habits, devices, family, purchases, and routines until they can predict where you go, who you know, what you fear, and what you might do next. It's gone from merely name and city being publicly available to a shadow profile of a plethora of your data, to an extent one cannot comprehend.

And it is getting worse. Society's expectation was that a photo could be taken of you, your car, your family out in public, but the likelihood until recently approached zero. License plate reader systems can turn normal travel into a searchable movement history. Surveillance companies are scraping and cataloging faces, and where and when those photos were taken. Private actors are building a dataset including yard signs, bumper stickers, and other devices meant for neighborhood expression, not databases. Governments can buy data from brokers that they would otherwise need a warrant to obtain. Together, these systems create an ever-growing dossier of private life that can be exploited by corporations, data brokers, contractors, and the state.

This is all un-American. America is a nation of free people, not watched people. Warren and Brandeis perceived that the gravest injuries are not always physical. The law rightly condemns the invasion of the body -- battery. It should no less condemn the invasion of the private life, the disturbance of the mind, the humiliation of exposure, and the slow theft of the right to be let alone.

The Solution: A Comprehensive Privacy Bill

The bill imposes hard limits on surveillance, hidden collection, coercive “consent,” brokered data trafficking, and government circumvention of what should be a lawful process balancing freedom with evidence of wrongdoing. It restores rule-based protections people can understand and courts can enforce.

  • Ban broad commercial surveillance and sharply restrict data brokerage.
  • Control over your data, protections for children’s, medical, biometric, genetic, location data.
  • Protect victims of abuse, domestic violence to remove their likeness.
  • Opt-in for everything. Choice for 'this call may be recorded.'
  • Limitation of government drones.
  • Stop forced ID uploads when safer alternatives exist.
  • Update CAN-SPAM for one-click deletion of email addresses from databases.
  • Physical and digital switches for automobile cellular connections.
  • Limit government purchase of private-sector data.
  • Block private searchable databases of plates, yard signs, and expression designed for community.
  • Require local-first surveillance architecture instead of cloud-hosted mass tracking.
  • Framework for state DMV to include with ID two-factor authentication and digital ID information.
  • Require Social Security Numbers to authenticate preventing fraud.
  • US Mail Spam Control.
  • Develop framework for TOTP-inspired digital license plate.
  • Security standard for surveillance cameras with notice from businesses the standard is in use.
  • Serious civil enforcement and criminal penalties.
“Recent inventions and business methods call attention to the next step which must be taken for the protection of the person, and for securing to the individual what Judge Cooley calls the ‘right to be let alone.’”
— Warren and Brandeis

This project is a work in progress. People are encouraged to review the draft, suggest edits, and write tests that are run through LLMs to check whether the bill behaves as intended in real-world scenarios.

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