一种无法阻挡的蘑菇正在摧毁北美森林。
An unstoppable mushroom is tearing through North American forests

原始链接: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260325-an-unstoppable-mushroom-is-tearing-through-north-american-forests

安迪·诺特正致力于保护英国本土蘑菇的遗传多样性,效仿植物的种子库工作。他意识到真菌保护方面存在不足,正在努力克隆和保存野生品种。 这个过程向志愿者展示,包括小心地从蘑菇(在这种情况下,是灰色的牡蛎菇)上提取一个无菌组织样本,并将其放置在琼脂平板上。如果保持清洁和温暖,样本将生长成一个新的、基因相同的培养物。 这种克隆技术是保护本土真菌遗传资源的一小步,但至关重要,确保这些重要生物不会因环境变化或栖息地丧失而消失。诺特希望提高认识,并为真菌争取与植物和动物同等的保护关注。

## 不可阻挡的蘑菇正在北美蔓延 一种快速蔓延的蘑菇,*Pleurotus citrinopileatus*(金蚝菇),正在北美森林中扎根,引发担忧并在Hacker News上引发讨论。它最初是为食用而种植的——被描述为美味,并且已经在仓库中大量种植——现在却“在野外”出现,可能由于逃逸的种植导致。 虽然尚未在所有地区广泛传播(例如瑞士),但报告表明它在一些地区正在变得“本土化”,甚至早在15年前就已经出现。一些评论者质疑为什么不种植本土蘑菇品种。 这场讨论也幽默地将这种现象与虚构的真菌爆发描述联系起来,例如在《最后生还者》和《星际穿越》中。 还有人指出像苦藤一样类似的“不可阻挡”的入侵物种,并建议引入山羊进行控制——但即使这样做也可能产生意想不到的后果!
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原文

For Knott, preserving native genetics is a critical mission. "They've got seed banks for plants. But it didn't look like anyone was doing it for mushrooms. I want to be that guy."

Andy Knott hopes that fungi will eventually receive similar conservation attention to plants and animals (Credit: Jurassic Coast Mushrooms/ Andy Knott)

Back in the muddy field in Sussex, my mushroom-cloning experiment is one small part of the answer to this. The grey oyster mushroom I have in front of me is itself a clone of a native British variety, found by Andy Knott and his group of volunteers. Today, we'll attempt to clone it again – to make an exact genetic copy of that individual that will help perpetuate its genetics. 

Knott had demonstrated the technique for us earlier in the session. First, with clean hands, I pulled apart the mushroom, revealing a marshmallowy, white and, most importantly, sterile interior. Then, hunched next to an air filter which helps take away airborne contaminants, I use my scalpel to cut away a small nugget of white flesh, about the size of a sesame seed.

Next Knott opens an agar plate, and I push the piece I've speared on the end of my scalpel into the jelly. I quickly close the lid and Knott seals up the sides with tape. It's done – if I've managed to keep everything clean and I keep it somewhere warm and dark, I should be able to admire a fresh culture of native Pleurotus ostreatus in just a few weeks. When I got home after the festival, I put it under my boiler, the warmest, darkest place I could think of.

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