抽象谬误:为什么人工智能可以模拟但无法实现意识
The Abstraction Fallacy: Why AI can simulate but not instantiate consciousness

原始链接: https://deepmind.google/research/publications/231971/

本文挑战了计算功能主义的主流观点——即意识仅仅源于信息处理,独立于物理形式——认为其犯了“抽象谬误”。作者认为,抽象并非基本的物理过程,而是*需要*一个体验者将连续的物理现象解释为离散的、有意义的状态。 因此,确定人工智能的意识并不取决于对意识的完整理论,而是取决于对计算*本质*的理解。他们建议区分“模拟”(模仿行为)和“实例化”(真正的物理构成)。他们认为,算法符号操作只能实现模拟,缺乏有意识体验所需的物理基础。 重要的是,这并非为生物排他性辩论;人工智能中的意识将源于其*物理*构成,而非其代码。这一框架为计算功能主义提供了一种基于物理的否定,旨在解决围绕人工智能意识的持续争论和伦理问题。

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原文

Computational functionalism dominates current debates on AI consciousness. This is the hypothesis that subjective experience emerges entirely from abstract causal topology, regardless of the underlying physical substrate. We argue this view fundamentally mischaracterizes how physics relates to information. We call this mistake the Abstraction Fallacy. Tracing the causal origins of abstraction reveals that symbolic computation is not an intrinsic physical process. Instead, it is a mapmaker-dependent description. It requires an active, experiencing cognitive agent to alphabetize continuous physics into a finite set of meaningful states. Consequently, we do not need a complete, finalized theory of consciousness to assess AI sentience—a demand that simply pushes the question beyond near-term resolution and deepens the AI welfare trap. What we actually need is a rigorous ontology of computation. The framework proposed here explicitly separates simulation (behavioral mimicry driven by vehicle causality) from instantiation (intrinsic physical constitution driven by content causality). Establishing this ontological boundary shows why algorithmic symbol manipulation is structurally incapable of instantiating experience. Crucially, this argument does not rely on biological exclusivity. If an artificial system were ever conscious, it would be because of its specific physical constitution, never its syntactic architecture. Ultimately, this framework offers a physically grounded refutation of computational functionalism to resolve the current uncertainty surrounding AI consciousness.

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