乔纳森·弗兰岑谈天赋、戏剧及他的下一部小说
Jonathan Franzen on Talent, Theatre, and His Next Novel

原始链接: https://www.newyorker.com/books/this-week-in-fiction/jonathan-franzen-06-08-26

在这篇访谈中,作者讨论了短篇小说《装模作样的天赋》(A Talent for Seeming)。故事以20世纪70年代蒙大拿州比尤特市的少女阿黛尔为中心,讲述了她因接触表演而改变的人生。作品取材于作者自身接触莎士比亚戏剧的成长经历,探讨了艺术觉醒与宗教幻灭之间的交集。 阿黛尔在虔诚的教会背景与日益增长的舞台热情之间寻找平衡,期间她遇到了一位具有颠覆性的老师布罗姆利·斯托克斯,他的出现挑战了阿黛尔的世界观。作者解释说,阿黛尔在虔诚与“戏剧精神”之间摇摆的内心冲突,构成了作品必要的戏剧张力。尽管同龄人对她展现出的新身份持怀疑态度,但作者指出,戏剧并未使阿黛尔成为一个“更好”的人,却满足了她内心深处对于关注与认可的渴望。 最终,作者将阿黛尔对表演的迅速投入,描述为一个年轻人发现天职后自然而然且令人振奋的结果。对阿黛尔而言,观众的笑声具有一种令人上瘾的力量,这是对她最好的肯定,为她提供了直接而真实的联结,以及艺术体验核心处那种纯粹的快感。

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原文

Your story “A Talent for Seeming,” which is adapted from the early pages of a novel-in-progress, focusses on a teen-age girl named Adele, living in Butte, Montana, in the late nineteen-seventies, who falls in love with acting. What inspired you to tell the story of this girl and her coming of age?

My novels emerge from a soup of unconnected fragments, bits of narrative DNA that are typically associated with things I love: people and places from the recent or distant past, books and writers that have made a deep impression, personal experiences I’m glad to have had. With Adele, I was thinking of a particular adult actor I’d seen play Rosalind in a knockout production of “As You Like It.” It’s in the nature of theatre that no one will ever get to see that production or that performance again, but writing fiction can be a way of reclaiming a lost love. Shakespeare in general was foundational for me, and I had my own experiences of writing and acting in plays in high school—how personally transformative that can be.

In the course of the story, Adele goes back and forth between born-again devoutness and pursuing a life style that the other members of her church’s youth group deplore. Why is it important to the narrative to have her seesaw in that way?

It’s basically Drama 101: It’s not enough for a character to want something—there need to be obstacles to attaining what she wants. I’m also interested in people’s defining mythologies, and the way one set of beliefs can morph into another over time. My previous novel was populated by Christian believers who, by and large, didn’t lose their religion. This seemed like a good time to write a character who does lose her religion—or, more precisely, finds a new one to replace it with.

At the height of her piousness, Adele is confronted with a substitute English teacher, Bromley Stokes, a hippie from San Francisco, who, to her dismay, changes all the rules of school. She considers the possibility that he might embody the spirit of Jesus and also the possibility that he might be Satan. Do you think he plays either role in her life?

It depends, of course, on which side you’re looking from. Adele feels saved by Bromley, but her church friends disagree. Adele herself thinks, at one point, that “there’s nothing more horrible than being an actor.” It’s not at all clear that theatre makes her a “better person,” in the conventional moral sense. The evidence in the text suggests the opposite.

Adele is quickly seduced by the “spirit of theatre.” Or is she seduced more by the fact that she has a talent for acting? That she’s found an area in which she stands out? Why do you think that change in her happens so quickly and with seemingly little resistance on her part?

People who become artists typically have both a great talent and an unquenchable thirst for attention, and theatre offers a stage for the former and the most direct possible relief for the latter. The audience is there in the flesh, shutting up and paying attention to your talent. But this liveness of performance is the essence of theatre, its “spirit,” and so the answer to your question may be: both her talent and the theatre. When a young person discovers a talent, the change often happens quickly. You’ve stepped onto a train, and it whisks you away with it. When I started writing, in high school, I don’t remember feeling any resistance at all to it (except from my worried parents). My feeling was: why do anything else when it feels so right to do this?

For Adele, getting laughs while performing is like “ambrosia.” Why do you think inspiring laughter (rather than, say, tears) is so addictive for her?

Speaking for myself, I would never do a public reading that didn’t seem likely to get laughs. Audiences are generally pretty polite—they’ll sit there quietly and listen to anything, but what they’re thinking could be, like, “When is he going to shut up?” Unless they’re laughing. Then I know I have their full attention. And not only that but—since everyone enjoys laughing—I know that I’m delivering the thing that all artists, if they do nothing else, should deliver, which is pleasure. Tears will do the job, too, but they’re harder to hear.

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