旧金山在公用事业成本飙升之际考虑收购太平洋天然气与电力公司(PG&E)
San Francisco Weighs PG&E Takeover Amid Soaring Utility Costs

原始链接: https://www.kqed.org/news/12081882/san-francisco-has-been-trying-to-leave-pge-for-100-years-will-this-time-be-different

旧金山正加大力度,试图切断与太平洋天然气和电力公司(PG&E)的联系,转而建立由市政拥有、服务用户的公用事业系统。此前,由于电费上涨、频繁停电以及对企业提供的财务赔偿不足,引发了广泛不满,不仅导致了集体诉讼,也带来了长期的政治压力。 旧金山对PG&E当地基础设施的估值为34亿美元,PG&E则认为该估值严重偏低。支持者认为,通过取消股东分红和降低高管薪酬,市政接管可以在十年内将费率降低15%至20%;但批评者警告称,这一过程将耗资巨大且极其复杂。 专家指出,如果旧金山脱离该系统,可能会给该地区其他用户带来沉重的财务负担,因为旧金山目前为其他地区的关键野火预防基础设施提供了补贴。虽然市政化承诺了地方控制权和较低的非营利成本,但对于这是否是最佳的前进道路,目前尚无共识。最终,许多居民——包括那些正在为目前电价苦苦挣扎的企业主——仍持怀疑态度,认为公平的服务和稳定性远比接管公用事业带来的物流不确定性更为重要。

面对飙升的公用事业成本,旧金山正探讨收购太平洋天然气和电力公司(PG&E)。关于“市政化”的辩论在观察人士中引发了激烈讨论,主要集中在以下几个核心议题: * **现有基础设施:** 旧金山已通过赫奇赫奇(Hetch Hetchy)大坝自行发电,但专家指出,这仅能满足全市总需求的一小部分(约 20%)。 * **成本驱动因素:** 矛盾大多源于 PG&E 的高额输送费用,这些费用反映了其广阔农村服务区域的野火减灾和基础设施维护成本。批评者认为,旧金山的城市居民实际上是在为这些农村地区的债务买单。 * **政治历史:** 尽管部分居民支持公共电力,但旧金山在历史上曾多次投票反对建立市政公用事业。收购计划的反对者认为,简单地转向公有制并不能解决发电量不足的根本问题,也无法减轻所需的巨额资本投入。 * **结构性问题:** 对于高费率的原因,各方观点不一:有人认为是 PG&E“利润私有化、亏损社会化”的模式所致;有人归咎于加州公用事业委员会(CPUC)或加州独立系统运营商(CAISO)层面的监管效率低下;也有人认为根本原因是发电能力严重不足。
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原文

The utility company initially offered him just $2,500, he said — which barely covered his typical electricity bill, let alone all the product and business that he lost. After more than three months of back and forth, he said he finally got PG&E to agree to something he found reasonable, but only after threatening to hire a lawyer.

Between December’s series of power outages and skyrocketing electricity bills, Dabit and other San Franciscans are growing increasingly frustrated with the utility company. In February, a group of residents and small businesses filed a class-action lawsuit against PG&E, alleging the utility failed to remediate major financial losses after major power outages in December.

Their discontent recently led the Board of Supervisors to reaffirm their commitment to cutting ties with PG&E, a process that’s been quietly underway for about five years.

Customers sit at Pizza Joint in San Francisco’s Richmond District on June 8, 2026. (Beth LaBerge/KQED)

While PG&E has said that a takeover would increase San Francisco electricity rates for decades, some advocates believe it might be the only way out. With the ever-increasing cost of living, would a takeover make life easier for Dabit?

Though many residents may not be aware of it, the city has been in a protracted battle over whether or not to leave PG&E since the start of the 20th century, said Josh Lappen, a researcher at the University of Notre Dame who studies utilities and energy. The last significant attempt took place in the early 2000s and failed as a ballot measure over concerns about government spending, questions about San Francisco’s ability to run a utility and significant campaigning from PG&E.

While similar ballot measures have been voted down for decades, the city may no longer have to go through voter approval. Since residents passed Proposition A in 2018, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission can now issue revenue bonds to buy clean power facilities with approval by two-thirds of the Board of Supervisors. This means that, if San Francisco and PG&E agree on a price, the city could potentially buy PG&E’s wire, poles and other physical infrastructure without putting anything on the ballot, according to John Coté, a spokesperson for San Francisco Power and Water.

The city’s latest attempt to buy the utility officially started in 2019 when it offered $2.5 billion for PG&E’s infrastructure. The company rejected the offer outright, saying the offer was too low, but in 2021, the city asked the California Public Utilities Commission to set a fair price. After years of delays, the CPUC directed San Francisco to submit its valuation and for PG&E to file its response by Oct. 20, 2026.

In April, San Francisco submitted a valuation of $3.4 billion to acquire the land, infrastructure and equipment needed for a takeover. PG&E, which has repeatedly said its infrastructure is not for sale, said in a statement around the same time that San Francisco “greatly undervalues” the utility’s property, and doesn’t account for separation costs or costs of state-mandated programs that would be offloaded onto remaining customers.

If San Francisco ever gets to the end of this process, Jim Lazar, an economist with a five-decade career in utility regulation and an advocate for public power, estimated that rates could go down by 15%-20% in the 10 years following purchase. Lazar said that prices would go down primarily because investor-owned utilities come with some baked-in costs that make them more expensive to run than consumer-owned utilities.

For example, being a public, nonprofit company allows consumer-owned utilities to both borrow money for construction projects at a cheaper rate and to pay less in taxes.

Consumer-owned utilities also tend to pay their executives less than investor-owned utilities, and that’s certainly the case for PG&E. The CEO of the Sacramento Municipal Utility District, a consumer-owned utility, is set to earn $1.4 million in 2026. While that’s a lot, PG&E’s CEO made $19.8 million in 2025 alone. The skilled workers that maintain the grid, however, earn about the same regardless of ownership — about $79 per hour at SMUD and about $77 at PG&E.

A PG&E substation on Mission and 8th Streets in San Francisco on June 11, 2026. (Beth LaBerge/KQED)

As an investor-owned utility, PG&E also pays dividends to shareholders. While PG&E said that those dividends make up less than 1% of a typical residential bill, the incentive to generate dividends creates one more expense for ratepayers — a never-ending need to increase profits by building more infrastructure. In 2024, they built enough to pay their shareholders $1.45 billion.

While ratepayers may see gains in the long run, Michael Wara, a senior research scholar at Stanford University’s Woods Institute for the Environment, said that the road ahead would be long, winding and costly.

And, Wara said, PG&E ratepayers outside of San Francisco, including places like Oakland and Marin, would take on the costs that San Francisco leaves behind.

Here’s why: San Francisco ratepayers heavily subsidize grid upgrades across Northern California, particularly in fire-prone areas. And PG&E increased its spending on wildfire prevention from $3.84 billion in 2019 to $6.17 billion in 2024. According to Wara, this wildfire spending was the “largest driver of rate increase for PG&E over the last decade,” and the majority of these investments happened outside of the city — where wildfires actually get started.

A PG&E substation on Mission and 8th Streets in San Francisco on June 11, 2026. (Beth LaBerge/KQED)

The investments still benefit San Franciscans by protecting them from the impacts of these natural disasters and making sure their energy gets to them safely.

“I know people that really think this is a great idea, but they tend to think about it solely from the perspective of San Francisco and the residents of San Francisco,” Wara said, referring to a takeover. “At the end of the day, the city is a regional entity that relies on energy that comes from oil refineries, electric dams and ports across the state.”

Wara said that because “electric power is this essential good that’s provided over a very large system,” more radical change — like turning all of PG&E into a public utility — would be better than cities leaving individually.

Jessica Tovar, a climate and environmental justice advocate in San Francisco, generally agreed with this take.

“I really would like to see a municipalization push that’s not solely big cities like San Francisco,” she said, “but other communities as well, because there is a lot of benefit to having control of the whole system.”

International currency and graduation photos from customers hang behind the counter at Pizza Joint in San Francisco’s Richmond District on June 8, 2026. (Beth LaBerge/KQED)

While experts and advocates agree that PG&E’s current structure does not always protect consumers, “there’s a lot less consensus among the voters on what to do than there is on the fact that something needs to be done,” Lappen said.

“These utilities really prop up daily life and any sort of change that risks increasing costs for any portion of the electorate would be really immediately and severely felt,” Lappen said.

Dabit, the Pizza Joint owner, said that while he had “heard about the government taking over PG&E, I don’t know if it’s going to be any better.”

“We just need PG&E, and whoever is providing electricity and gas to all these restaurants all over the city, to just be fair,” he said. “Just be fair, you know? We’re struggling. We really are.”

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