djevops generates and automatically renews SSL certificates for any domains you specify in Django setting ALLOWED_HOSTS. The domains need to be tied to your server's IP address.

If you filled in the mail section in the config file, then you can make Django email you when errors occur. To do so, set ADMINS in Django's settings.py as follows:

ADMINS = [('Your Name', '[email protected])]

Error emails require Django setting DEBUG to be False.

You can set up automatic database backups by adding a backup element to the db section in the djevops config file. For example:

db:
  type: sqlite
  backup:
    type: s3
    bucket: mybackup
    access-key-id: S3_BACKUP_ACCESS_KEY
    secret-access-key: S3_BACKUP_SECRET_KEY
    path: db
    region: us-east-1

Backups are created continuously while your server is running. If you ever re-install your server, then the latest backup is automatically restored.

For database type sqlite, djevops uses Litestream for backups. Litestream can store backups in S3, Azure Blob Storage and many others. The keys you add to the backup element above get copied into a replica element in Litestream's config. For more information about the available options, please see Litestream's documentation.

Djevops also supports database type postgres. For more information about this, please see below.

Instead of SQLite, you can use PostgreSQL by setting the database type to postgres:

You then configure the connection yourself in your settings.py:

import os

DATABASES['default'] = {
    'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
    'NAME': 'myapp',
    'USER': 'myapp',
    'PASSWORD': os.environ['DB_PASSWORD'],
    'HOST': 'localhost'
}

djevops reads these settings and installs PostgreSQL on the server, creating the database and user with the password you specified. Keep the password out of Git by storing it in deploy/secrets.py. For example:

DB_PASSWORD = "<some strong password>"

Then reference it as a secret in the Django service's environment:

services:
  web:
    type: django
    env:
      secret:
        - DB_PASSWORD

You also need to add psycopg[binary] to your pyproject.toml or requirements.txt file.

As with SQLite, you can add a backup element to enable automatic backups. By default, PostgreSQL backups are taken once per day. You can customize this by setting sync-interval in the backup element, for example to 1h for hourly backups.

If your Django app uses the celery Python package, then you can add a Celery worker by adding the following item to the djevops config:

services:
  web:
    # as before
  celery:
    type: celery
    env:
      inherit: web

To install Redis on the server (which many Django apps use as Celery's backend), add an empty top-level redis block:

This setup lets you run Python functions asynchronously and on a schedule such as "every five hours". The service of type celery also runs the necessary beat scheduler.

djevops writes the log file for each service to /var/log/<service>.log. To read it, simply SSH into the server and do less, tail -f, etc. To prevent log files from filling up your server's disk space, djevops also rotates and compresses log files.

Very often, you have secrets that you need on the server but should not commit to Git. djevops lets you specify such values in the file deploy/secrets.py, and refer to them from your config file. The way this works is that secrets.py gets executed on your local machine, and the produced values then get uploaded as constants to the server. This gives you a lot of flexibility. You can hardcode values in secrets.py and not commit that file to Git. Or you can for example make secrets.py read from environment variables that are available when you do djevops deploy:

import os
MY_SECRET = os.environ['MY_SECRET']

You can also invoke password managers in secrets.py, etc.

djevops uses secure defaults whenever possible. For example, each service runs as a separate user. This means that environment variables cannot leak from one service to another. djevops also makes sure that no unintended ports are open, such as for example port 25 when using Postfix for sending emails.

djevops sets up automatic OS updates to keep your server up-to-date and secure. This does not apply major version upgrades, which could introduce potentially breaking changes.

Just type djevops shell to be dropped into a remote Django shell on your server. This uses the environment variables and user of the first service of type django in deploy/djevops.yml.