Ornith-1.0:用于智能体编程的自进化开源模型
Ornith-1.0: self-improving open-source models for agentic coding

原始链接: https://github.com/deepreinforce-ai/Ornith-1

Ornith-1.0 是一个全新的开源模型系列,采用 MIT 许可协议,专为智能体编程而设计。该系列基于 Gemma 4 和 Qwen 3.5 架构构建,提供 9B(稠密)、35B(混合专家模型 MoE)和 397B(混合专家模型 MoE)三种版本。 主要特性包括: * **顶尖性能:** 在 SWE-Bench、Terminal-Bench 2.1 和 NL2Repo 等编程基准测试中,性能持续优于同类开源模型。 * **自我改进框架:** 利用强化学习 (RL) 联合优化解决方案的“脚手架”与任务执行,从而实现更优的搜索路径和更高质量的输出。 * **智能体就绪设计:** 支持 256K 上下文窗口,可生成结构化的 `` 推理块和兼容 OpenAI 的工具调用,使其能直接兼容 OpenHands 等现有框架及标准 CLI 编程工具。 * **灵活部署:** 模型兼容 vLLM、SGLang 和 GGUF,支持在单 GPU(9B)或多 GPU(MoE)基础设施上进行部署。 通过提供高性能的编程智能体开源替代方案,Ornith-1.0 使开发者能够在本地或通过自托管 API 自动执行复杂的软件工程任务,且不受区域限制。

最近关于“Ornith-1.0”的 Hacker News 讨论指出,该项目所谓的“自我进化”品牌宣传具有误导性。尽管它被营销为一种智能编程模型,但用户和专家指出,它本质上是 Qwen 和 Gemma 4 等现有模型的后训练衍生版本。 根据技术分析,该讨论帖的共识是,该模型在执行过程中并不会实时“自我进化”。相反,开发者是在内部训练过程中应用了强化学习,以优化其执行智能任务的权重。批评者指出,该模型存在严重的幻觉问题且性能不稳定,尽管其声称基准测试表现优异,但在实际查找 Bug 时却无法做到可靠。此外,该项目的透明度也备受质疑,目前开发者的官网上并未列出该模型,其架构来源对社区而言也依然不够透明。
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原文

Ornith Blog

Aloha! 🌺 Ornith-1.0 is a self-improving open-source models for agentic coding.

Highlights:

  • State-of-the-Art Coding Agents: Available in 9B-Dense, 31B-Dense, 35B-MoE, and 397B-MoE (post-trained on top of Gemma 4 and Qwen 3.5), achieving state-of-the-art performance among open-source models of comparable size on coding benchmarks such as Terminal-Bench 2.1, SWE-Bench, NL2Repo and OpenClaw.
  • Self-Improving Training Framework: Ornith-1.0 employs RL to learn to generate not only solution rollouts, but also the scallfold that drive those rollouts. By jointly optimizing the scaffold and the resulting solution, the model discovers better search trajectories and generates higher-quality solutions.
  • Licence: MIT licensed, globally accessible, and free from regional limitations.

Ornith 397B Benchmark Results

Each model is evaluated against its size-appropriate baselines. All three use the same harnesses and decoding setup (see the notes under the tables).

Ornith-1.0-9B Qwen3.5-9B Qwen3.5-35B Gemma4-12B Gemma4-31B
Agentic Coding
Terminal-Bench 2.1 (Terminus-2)43.121.341.42142.1
Terminal-Bench 2.1 (Claude Code)40.618.938.9--
SWE-bench Verified69.453.27044.252
SWE-bench Pro42.931.344.627.635.7
SWE-bench Multilingual5239.760.332.551.7
NL2Repo27.216.220.510.315.5
Claw-eval Avg63.153.265.432.548.5
SWE Atlas - QnA17.99.213.2--
SWE Atlas - RF16.64.310.2--
SWE Atlas - TW15.34.49.8--
Ornith-1.0-35B Qwen3.5-35B Qwen3.6-35B Gemma4-31B Qwen3.5-397B
Agentic Coding
Terminal-Bench 2.1 (Terminus-2)64.241.452.542.153.5
Terminal-Bench 2.1 (Claude Code)62.838.949.2-48.6
SWE-bench Verified75.67073.45276.4
SWE-bench Pro50.444.649.535.751.6
SWE-bench Multilingual69.360.367.251.769.3
NL2Repo34.620.529.415.536.8
Claw-eval Avg69.865.468.748.570.7
SWE Atlas - QnA37.113.215.5-20.4
SWE Atlas - RF29.710.211.4-18.4
SWE Atlas - TW27.89.813.3-18.5
Ornith-1.0-397B Qwen3.5-397B Qwen3.7-Max GLM-5.2-744B Minimax-M3-428B DeepSeek-V4-Pro-1.6T Claude Opus 4.7 Claude Opus 4.8
Agentic Coding
Terminal-Bench 2.1 (Terminus-2)77.553.573.581.0646470.385
Terminal-Bench 2.1 (Claude Code)78.248.669.882.7-66.569.778.9
SWE-bench Verified82.476.480.4--80.680.887.6
SWE-bench Pro62.251.660.662.15955.464.369.2
SWE-bench Multilingual78.969.378.3--76.2--
NL2Repo48.236.847.248.942.1--69.7
Claw-eval Avg77.170.765.2--75.878.2-
SWE Atlas - QnA41.220.4--37.927.240.348.8
SWE Atlas - RF42.618.4----48.646.7
SWE Atlas - TW39.118.5--30.8-38.5-

* Terminal-Bench 2.1 (Terminus-2): evaluated with the Harbor/Terminus-2 framework, parser=json, temperature=1.0, top_p=1.0, 128K context window. Each run uses a 4-hour timeout with 32 CPU cores and 48GB RAM, averaged over 5 runs. We adjust the Qwen chat template to keep training and inference consistent and modify Harbor to align with vLLM's reasoning_content key.
* Terminal-Bench 2.1 (Claude Code): evaluated with Claude Code 2.1.126, parser=json, temperature=1.0, top_p=1.0, max_new_tokens=131072, averaged over 5 runs (Qwen chat template likewise modified).
* SWE-bench Verified / Pro / Multilingual: OpenHands harness, temp=1.0, top_p=0.95, 256K context window.
* SWE Atlas QnA / RF / TW: mini-SWE-agent harness, temp=1.0, top_p=0.95, 128K context window, averaged over 5 runs.
* NL2Repo: temperature=1.0, top_p=1.0, 400K context, 48K output, anti-hacking filters.
* ClawEval: an agentic code benchmark over real-user task distributions; temp=0.6, 256K context.

NOTE

Ornith-1.0 is a reasoning model: by default the assistant turn opens with a <think> … </think> block before the final answer. The serving recipes below enable a reasoning parser so the chain-of-thought is returned in a separate reasoning_content field, and a tool-call parser so the model's <tool_call> blocks are surfaced as OpenAI-style tool_calls.

Serving Ornith-1.0 requires recent runtimes:

  • Transformers ≥ 5.8.1
  • vLLM ≥ 0.19.1
  • SGLang ≥ 0.5.9

Recommended sampling parameters: temperature=0.6, top_p=0.95, top_k=20 (use temperature=1.0 to reproduce the reported benchmark setup).

Ornith-1.0 ships as a dense 9B model plus two Mixture-of-Experts models (35B, 397B). All checkpoints expose the same OpenAI-compatible interface and support a 256K (262,144-token) context window; the dense 9B fits on a single 80GB GPU, while the MoE checkpoints are sharded across a multi-GPU node with tensor parallelism. Each size is published in multiple precision / format variants:

The recipes below stand up an OpenAI-compatible server under the shared alias Ornith-1.0. Set MODEL to the checkpoint you want, and match --tensor-parallel-size / --tp to your GPU count.

# Pick a checkpoint — dense 9B, or MoE 35B / 397B (append -FP8 for lower-VRAM serving):
MODEL=deepreinforce-ai/Ornith-1.0-397B

# MoE checkpoints (35B / 397B): shard across the node with tensor parallelism.
# Dense checkpoint (9B): fits on a single 80GB GPU — drop --tensor-parallel-size.
vllm serve $MODEL \
    --served-model-name Ornith-1.0 \
    --tensor-parallel-size 8 \
    --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 \
    --max-model-len 262144 \
    --gpu-memory-utilization 0.90 \
    --enable-prefix-caching \
    --enable-auto-tool-choice --tool-call-parser qwen3_xml \
    --reasoning-parser qwen3 \
    --trust-remote-code
# Pick a checkpoint — dense 9B, or MoE 35B / 397B (append -FP8 for lower-VRAM serving):
MODEL=deepreinforce-ai/Ornith-1.0-397B

# MoE checkpoints (35B / 397B): shard with --tp ; dense 9B: drop --tp for a single GPU.
python -m sglang.launch_server \
    --model-path $MODEL \
    --served-model-name Ornith-1.0 \
    --tp 8 \
    --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 \
    --context-length 262144 \
    --mem-fraction-static 0.85 \
    --tool-call-parser qwen3_coder \
    --reasoning-parser qwen3

Hugging Face Transformers

For a quick local test (or to script offline generation), load the model directly with Transformers. Make sure you have a recent release installed — see the Transformers installation guide; Ornith-1.0 requires transformers >= 5.8.1. The dense 9B checkpoint is the easiest to run locally.

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

model_name = "deepreinforce-ai/Ornith-1.0-9B"  # or -35B / -397B

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_name,
    dtype="auto",
    device_map="auto",
)

messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Write a Python function is_prime(n). Keep it short."}
]
text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages,
    tokenize=False,
    add_generation_prompt=True,
)

inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
generated = model.generate(
    **inputs,
    max_new_tokens=512,
    do_sample=True,
    temperature=0.6,
    top_p=0.95,
    top_k=20,
)
output_ids = generated[0][inputs.input_ids.shape[1]:]

# The reply contains a <think> ... </think> reasoning block followed by the answer.
content = tokenizer.decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
print(content)

To split the reasoning trace from the final answer, parse on the </think> marker:

text = tokenizer.decode(output_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)
if "</think>" in text:
    reasoning, answer = text.split("</think>", 1)
    reasoning = reasoning.replace("<think>", "").strip()
    answer = answer.strip()
else:
    reasoning, answer = "", text.strip()

Using Ornith-1.0 via the Chat Completions API

Once a vLLM or SGLang server is running, talk to it with any OpenAI-compatible client.

from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI(
    base_url="http://localhost:8000/v1",
    api_key="EMPTY",  # any non-empty string works for a local server
)

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="Ornith-1.0",
    messages=[
        {"role": "user", "content": "Write a one-line Python lambda that squares a number."}
    ],
    temperature=0.6,
    top_p=0.95,
    max_tokens=1024,
)

message = response.choices[0].message
# reasoning_content holds the <think> trace; content holds the final answer.
print("reasoning:", getattr(message, "reasoning_content", None))
print("answer:", message.content)

You can also stream tokens, or hand the model tools — Ornith-1.0 emits well-formed function calls that the server parses into the standard tool_calls field:

tools = [
    {
        "type": "function",
        "function": {
            "name": "get_weather",
            "description": "Get the current weather for a city",
            "parameters": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {"city": {"type": "string"}},
                "required": ["city"],
            },
        },
    }
]

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="Ornith-1.0",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the weather in Paris right now?"}],
    tools=tools,
    tool_choice="auto",
    temperature=0.6,
    max_tokens=2048,
)

tool_call = response.choices[0].message.tool_calls[0]
print(tool_call.function.name, tool_call.function.arguments)
# -> get_weather {"city": "Paris"}

You can point any OpenAI-compatible SDK (Python, Node.js, etc.) or curl at the same /v1/chat/completions endpoint.

Ornith-1.0 excels in tool-calling and agentic coding capabilities.

Because Ornith-1.0 exposes an OpenAI-compatible endpoint with tool calling, it works out of the box with standard agent frameworks. Below is a minimal example that connects Ornith-1.0 to tools through an MCP server.

import os
from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI(
    base_url=os.getenv("OPENAI_BASE_URL", "http://localhost:8000/v1"),
    api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY", "EMPTY"),
)

tools = [
    {
        "type": "function",
        "function": {
            "name": "run_shell",
            "description": "Run a shell command and return its output.",
            "parameters": {
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "command": {"type": "string", "description": "The command to run"}
                },
                "required": ["command"],
            },
        },
    }
]

messages = [{"role": "user", "content": "List the Python files in the current directory."}]

response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="Ornith-1.0",
    messages=messages,
    tools=tools,
    temperature=0.6,
    top_p=0.95,
)
print(response.choices[0].message)

Examples of using Ornith with agent harness:

# Hermes talks to any OpenAI-compatible endpoint — point it at your Ornith server.
export OPENAI_BASE_URL="http://localhost:8000/v1"
export OPENAI_API_KEY="EMPTY"
export MODEL="Ornith-1.0"
pip install openhands-ai

# OpenHands routes through LiteLLM; the "openai/" prefix selects the OpenAI-compatible path.
export LLM_MODEL="openai/Ornith-1.0"
export LLM_BASE_URL="http://localhost:8000/v1"
export LLM_API_KEY="EMPTY"

# Launch the CLI (or run the official OpenHands Docker image with the same env vars).
openhands
# Both runtimes load a GGUF build — available for the 9B and 35B checkpoints (swap -9B for -35B).

# llama.cpp — serve an OpenAI-compatible API on port 8000.
llama-server -hf deepreinforce-ai/Ornith-1.0-9B-GGUF --port 8000 -c 262144

# Ollama — pull and chat with the same GGUF straight from Hugging Face.
ollama run hf.co/deepreinforce-ai/Ornith-1.0-9B-GGUF
pip install unsloth

# Load Ornith for fast local inference or fine-tuning (Python):
#   from unsloth import FastLanguageModel
#   model, tokenizer = FastLanguageModel.from_pretrained(
#       "deepreinforce-ai/Ornith-1.0-9B",
#       max_seq_length=262144,
#       load_in_4bit=True,
#   )
# OpenClaw talks to any OpenAI-compatible endpoint — point it at your Ornith server.
export OPENAI_BASE_URL="http://localhost:8000/v1"
export OPENAI_API_KEY="EMPTY"
export OPENAI_MODEL="Ornith-1.0"

Ornith-1.0 is optimized for terminal-based coding agents. Point any OpenAI-compatible coding CLI at your Ornith-1.0 endpoint (set OPENAI_BASE_URL and OPENAI_API_KEY) to understand large codebases, automate tedious work, and ship faster.

# Register your local Ornith endpoint as a provider in ~/.config/opencode/opencode.json:
#
# {
#   "$schema": "https://opencode.ai/config.json",
#   "provider": {
#     "ornith": {
#       "npm": "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
#       "name": "Ornith (local)",
#       "options": { "baseURL": "http://localhost:8000/v1", "apiKey": "EMPTY" },
#       "models": { "Ornith-1.0": { "name": "Ornith-1.0" } }
#     }
#   }
# }

opencode

If you find our work helpful, feel free to give us a cite.

@misc{ornith-1.0,
    title = {{Ornith-1.0}: Agentic Coding, Open to All},
    url = {https://deep-reinforce.com/ornith_1_0.html},
    author = {{DeepReinforce Team}},
    year = {2026}
}
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