展示 HN:我是一名 15 岁的准工程师,这是我制作的摆线减速机
Show HN: I'm a 15 Year Old Wannabe Engineer, This Is a Cycloidal Gearbox I Built

原始链接: https://github.com/tom-ilan/cycloidal_gearbox

本项目展示了一个开源 Python 脚本,旨在为 Fusion 360 等 CAD 软件生成参数化摆线减速机。 该项目的开发经历了多次迭代。最初的微型化尝试(1:9 速比)因 3D 打印精度无法满足严苛的公差要求而失败。后续设计增加了占地面积以提供更大的间隙,最终成功完成了“版本 3”。这款功能性 90mm 减速机专为 NEMA 17 步进电机设计,输出扭矩为 1.28 N·m,效率达 66%。 所提供的 Python 脚本利用精确的参数方程来定义转子几何形状、外壳销和偏心距。用户可以自定义销数量 ($N$)、节圆半径 ($R$) 和偏心距 ($E$) 等变量。文档包含了优化策略,例如使用 MR128 轴承替代外壳销,或使用金属包裹的输出销来提高刚度和机械效率。对于希望通过增材制造实现高扭矩、紧凑型摆线驱动装置的用户而言,本项目是一项极佳的资源。

一位 15 岁的开发者最近在 Hacker News 上发布了一个帖子,展示了他设计并制造的一款摆线减速机,项目托管在 GitHub 上。该项目引起了 Hacker News 社区的广泛关注,用户们称赞了这位少年的工程实践精神,并就摆线驱动的机械原理提供了专业见解,指出其高扭矩、高效率和低齿隙的特点非常适合机器人领域。 社区的反馈大多是支持和鼓励的,几位评论者驳斥了“想模仿”的说法,并肯定了这位创作者通过动手实践所展现的真正工程师素养。不过,讨论帖中也出现了关于网络安全和个人信息披露的警示建议。一些用户鼓励这位年轻的创作者继续深耕,而另一些人则建议他尝试脱离人工智能辅助设计来完成项目,以进一步打好基础技能。此外,Hack Club 的创始人已邀请这位创作者加入他们的青年开发者社区。
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原文

This is my cycloidal gearbox I built, and the python script I created to generate it!

Gearbox Demo

This gearbox was a handcranked gearbox specifically meant to test the validity of the python cycloidal generator. It had a gear ratio of 1:9.

This design was a micro cycloidal gearbox with a ratio of 1:9, meant to only take up the same footprint as a NEMA 17. Due to the tight tolerances needed for a small cycloidal drive and the lack of precision offered by 3D printing, this design did not work.

This gearbox was the first working version to run on a NEMA 17. It has a larger footprint compared to Version 2 allowing greater tolerances and a fully functional design.


🛠️ The Python Script

This python script was based on the SolidWorks article Building a Cycloidal Drive with SOLIDWORKS. The two main parametric equations I used were:

$$x = R \cos(t) - E \cos(N t) - r \cos(t + \psi), \quad y = R \sin(t) - E \sin(N t) - r \sin(t + \psi)$$ $$\psi = \text{atan2}\left(\sin((1 - N) t), \frac{R}{E \cdot N} - \cos((1 - N) t)\right)$$ Reduction ratio: $1 : (N - 1)$ (rotor rotates opposite to input shaft).

  1. Clone the repo
  2. Open Fusion 360 and launch Scripts and Add-Ins (Shift + S).
  3. Under the Scripts tab, click + (Plus) to add a script.
  4. Select the cycloidal_generator folder and click Run.
  • Pins ($N$) & Pitch Radius ($R$): Sets outer stationary housing geometry (Rotor has $N-1$ lobes).
  • Eccentricity ($E$): Input shaft offset distance. (Constraint: $R > E \cdot N$).
  • Outer Pin Radius ($r$): Roller pin radius. (Constraint: validated against undercut limit $r_{\text{max}}$).
  • Precision / Profile Offset: Angular step size and tolerance offset ($+$ for 3D print clearance).
  • Output Pins & Bolt Radius: Defines concentric output pins and rotor clearance holes ($r_{\text{pin}} + E$).

🚀 Version 3 — Detailed Overview & Stats

Note

This section is dedicated to Version 3, whose CAD files can be found under cad_models/version_3.

Logo

Key Specifications & Performance Stats

Metric / Parameter Value / Detail
Gear Ratio 1:9 ($N=10$ outer pins, 9 rotor lobes)
Outer Diameter 9.0 cm (90 mm)
Drive Motor NEMA 17 Stepper Motor (42bygh40-A24dh)
3D Printing Material PLA
Primary Fasteners / Hardware M3 × 8 screws, 2× 6704 Bearings
Tolerance Offset Applied +0.15 mm (+0.015 cm) all around
Gearbox Torque 1.28 N·m ± 0.0061 N·m
Base NEMA 17 Torque 0.21 N·m ± 0.0061 N·m
Efficiency 66% ± 0.220%
  1. The housing pins can be replaced with MR128 bearings allowing for less friction and higher efficiency in the gearbox.

  2. The output pins can be replaced with M2 screws with metal coverings to increase rigidity, maximum torque output, and the efficiency of the gearbox.

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