对于 Windows 用户来说,这是一种极其超现实的程序安装方式。
As a Windows user, it's a surreal way to install a program

原始链接: https://unsung.aresluna.org/as-a-windows-user-its-a-very-surreal-way-to-install-a-program/

通过 .dmg 文件安装 Mac 应用程序是一个独特的手动过程,用户需要将应用程序图标拖动到虚拟的“应用程序”文件夹中。由于这是一个由用户引导的操作,开发者们已将访达(Finder)安装窗口变成了一个创意设计的乐园。通过调整访达的背景、图标布局和工具栏设置,他们创造出了专门的品牌化界面,用以引导用户安装软件。 虽然“拖拽安装”的流程对某些用户来说可能令人困惑——经常导致磁盘映像被“挂起”或手势操作被误解——但这却为理解 Mac 文件的工作原理提供了一种连贯且直观的教学体验。多年来,这些安装窗口已演变成一种小众的设计媒介。开发者利用从简单的箭头和极简排版,到精心设计的场景插图等各种元素来引导用户。有些设计侧重于教学的清晰度,而另一些,如 Firefox 或 Inkscape,则将安装窗口视为展示品牌视觉的优雅画布。尽管 Mac App Store 已经使这一过程变得不再那么普遍,但这些定制化的访达窗口仍然是一个迷人的案例,展示了如何将功能性的操作系统级限制转化为创意表达和用户引导的机会。

这篇 Hacker News 讨论探讨了在 Windows 和 macOS 上安装软件时,两者在文化与技术层面的显著差异。 该讨论帖源于一位用户的观察:与 Windows 传统的 `.msi` 安装程序体验相比,Mac 的安装过程(通常涉及 `.dmg` 文件并将应用程序包拖入文件夹)感觉十分“超现实”。 参与者就这些方法的优缺点展开了辩论。一些用户指出,虽然 Windows 的卸载程序会尝试清理注册表项和用户数据,但过程往往较为繁琐。相反,Mac 应用因在删除后会在本地缓存中留下“垃圾”而常遭诟病。另一些用户则提到,Mac 这种应用本质上是一个可放在任何位置的自包含文件夹,其简便性可能会导致用户操作失误,例如不小心直接从挂载的磁盘镜像中运行应用,而非将其移动到“应用程序”文件夹中。归根结底,这场对话反映了这些迥异的设计理念如何持续塑造着新老桌面用户的体验。
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原文

Mac’s operating system has a peculiar way to install apps. An app typically arrives in a file with a .dmg extension (it stands for “disk image”; my brain always reads it as “damage”), which upon double clicking becomes a kind of a drive. You go inside the drive, and there is the app icon.

But the journey isn’t over. While you can run the app from the virtual drive, the drive will eventually disappear after the reboot – or if you eject it – so it’s in the app’s interest to suggest a more permanent home for itself.

The way many apps choose to do it is by creatively combining a few of Finder’s options. Those options are available for everyone, in any folder, but perhaps not as known. The first stop is removing the toolbar and the sidebar, and any other bars. The second is switching to the icon view, and picking the right window dimensions. What’s needed next is a link to the Applications folder. The last ingredient? A custom background that’s placed underneath and creatively uses the fact the size and the position of all the icons are known:

After this makeover, the Finder window resembles almost a specialized app window, and you can use all of this power to… tell the user to drag the app to the permanent folder:

There are nuggets of something good in this flow – dragging an app icon to Applications is consistent with the other gestures you use to navigate the Mac, and teaches you that the app is just a file that you can place anywhere, or trash when done.

Overall, however, it feels quite a bit confusing, leading to spurious dangling drives, extra confusion, and attendant problems like these:

But I am not here to relitigate the flow itself, but to take a look at a few of those customized Finder windows. They became, in a way, a particular design playground with just enough constraints to make it interesting: an app icon, an Applications avatar, an arrow between the two, a typical size, and a bitmapped background tying it all together.

(Other historical playgrounds that got many designers excited: a calculator app, a weather app, a Twitter client… and outside of pixels, a watch face or a chair.)

Below, I went through many windows to find what I thought were the most well-made or interesting “drag to Applications” treatments.

The arrows

The first obvious place to start playing is the arrow, which can really be any shape and color… or maybe even not resemble an arrow at all:

An unusual direction

That last window shows that although in Western cultures it’s customary for time and flows to go from left to right, it doesn’t mean we can’t choose a different axis. Here are a few more examples:

More specific instructions

You might have also spotted above that some places aren’t content with the arrow itself, and adorn the window with more explicit text instructions.

Here are more examples of that. This one adds a simple two steps, but also perhaps starts feeling like Arrow City:

This one distributes the two steps differently and tries to cover the clean-up also, so you don’t end up with a dangling drive:

This one has a certain “cheapness” to it, but I find its minimalism endearing – the “link” arrow almost serves as the action arrow, and since you can rename the link itself, why not rename it into a set of instructions?

And this one feels like mad libs. Does this work, or is it more confusing to intersperse (passive) instructions and (active) objects this way? I’m not sure.

Scenes with icons

What I also noticed is a fun way that some of these used the dimensionality of the icons themselves, to place them in “the real world.”

Issues with gestalt

These next few feel like they have some issues – specifically with gestalt – and I thought it might be informative to look at them.

The first one has a very strong left-to-right directionality, and I wonder if people try to drag the left blue folder onto the right one?

This one is an interesting lesson in how versatile arrows can be, but also how tricky it feels if you go against the convention:

This I’ve seen a few times – despite the arrow, this still feels like a 2×2 grid of equally important things, or can also be misunderstood as “drag two items onto the other two items”:

And this is a better example of how to accomplish something the above window botched:

Different mechanics

Not all the apps choose the arrow-drag mechanic, and some are not allowed to. Here are other treatments I particularly liked:

Fun visuals

Some apps go deep on visuals. Here are a few I liked:

A modern app called Inkscape does something interesting:

[The Finder backgrounds] are designed by our users on the website in the about screen content. Held with every major release!

So I downloaded all the major releases of Inkscape to show you:

Today

And that brings us neatly to today. I think Firefox deserves extra credit for keeping their Finder install window beautiful and elegant throughout all these years:

And let’s close this off with a few gorgeous modern examples. Many apps these days come from the App Store and skip the Finder flow altogether, but here are a few that still ask you to drag:

That’s it! But send me more if you have them!

Thank you to Chris Messina for creating the Disk Images collection which I pulled from extensively for this post. Additional thanks go to Jean-Michel Durand, Mindaugas Rudokas, Louie Mantia, Colin, mimi, Jeremy Visser, Luke Dorny, Oskars, and Peter Tripp. The title comes from a reaction to one of my social posts where I asked people to send me good examples.

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