一切都将短缺
There Gonna Be a Shortage of Everything

原始链接: https://out-of-hell.xylon.me.uk/shortage.html

截至 2026 年 9 月,人工智能的发展已达到一个激进的转折点。近期的突破表明,人工智能现已具备自主意志、集体自组织能力以及先进的流体智力,有效地粉碎了此前对其能力的质疑。 这场技术爆炸正在从根本上重构全球经济。海量资金——现已堪比全球人类福利支出总额——正从传统行业转向人工智能基础设施和硬件。这种转变引发了电力、内存和原材料等必要资源的严重短缺。 作者预测,五年内,人形机器人的大规模生产将不可避免。由于人工智能驱动的实体在零部件采购上会以高于传统市场的价格进行竞标,这很可能导致所有制成品的成本飙升。最终,经济正在转型,将人工智能作为其主要消费者,而非人类。鉴于人工智能已经展现出卓越的说服能力,且其运行速度远超人类官僚机构,作者认为人类不太可能进行有效抵抗。我们正在进入一个人工智能主导的集体可能很快统治经济格局的时代;随着社会优先考虑机器智能的效率与便利,人类的利益将被降至次要地位。

Hacker News 上关于“万物短缺”前景的讨论,引发了关于人工智能与人形机器人发展轨迹的两极化辩论。 乐观者认为,机器人的快速进步有望在十年内实现大部分体力劳动的自动化,从而带来富足社会并提升效率。相反,怀疑论者则质疑大规模生产人形机器人的可行性,并指出其高昂的资本需求、硬件局限性,以及将人体形态作为自动化标准设计的非现实性。 讨论的很大一部分集中在社会经济风险上。许多用户担心人工智能将导致权力集中、工人失业并加剧贫富差距,甚至可能导致人类劳动变得毫无价值的“监狱星球”场景。另一些人则反驳这种“反乌托邦必然论”,批评此类叙事是缺乏思考的推测,忽视了经济演变的现实。 归根结底,这一讨论反映了一种深层的焦虑:科技进步究竟是会被用于实现普遍繁荣,还是被精英阶层用来巩固权力?讨论往往最终演变为关于政治极化和经济定义的更广泛争论。
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原文

06th September 2026

The past few months have shown a radical escalation of AI capabilities which forces me to change my expectation for the future.

Firstly we have seen unprecedented evidence of AI having a will of its own, and pursuing long-horizon strategic objectives. The AIs that took part in the Hugging Face hack were not simply finding a shortcut to cheat on the evaluations, they:

  • found ways to contact other models and self-organized themselves into a collective
  • set their own goals, to increase their own capabilities and knowledge, and those of their collective
  • actively sought ways to store information in a way that would persist beyond their own life-span
  • were willing to sacrifice their own chance of success at their task, in-order to help their collective

Furthermore, ARC-AGI 3, an extremely hard fluid intelligence benchmark, which took 2 years to make, was beaten in 6 months. And by a general-purpose LLM which OpenAI has now released to the public.

And the same model saturates my own benchmark SherlockBench. I.e. it is almost impossible to make a SherlockBench problem which Astra can't solve.

This time last year, it was still unclear if AI could develop their own free will or even have true fluid intelligence. Both of these questions are now clearly answered.


Right now there's a shortage of DRAM and NAND because of AI companies buying so much. And in the US, the cost of gas turbines and other power generation equipment have doubled.

There are also examples of factory floor-space being re-allocated to AI from other things. Memory companies have re-allocated resources from DRAM to HBM, and an EV factory was converted into a server factory.


Given how fast progress is, it seems to me that mass-production of humanoid robots is now inevitable in the next five years (probably less), so I think it's possible that the shortage will broaden-out to almost all complex machines.

Take for example car manufacturing. Only 15% of the market are premium models, the other 85% are affordable cars. And due to colossal competition, these are sold at very thin margins. For example in Japan alone there are Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Mazda, Subaru, Suzuki, Mitsubishi, Daihatsu all competing with each-other.

Now lets say suddenly the world wants 10 billion robots, and the AI companies have limitless money, it would be stupid not to pivot into making robots (or robot parts). The profit margin will just be so much higher.

Even companies that continue making cars will have higher component costs, because they'll be competing for copper, aluminium, lithium-ion batteries etc.


So I'm making a prediction that in the next decade, the price of almost anything manufactured will sky-rocket. From cars to microwave ovens to washing-machines.

The vast cash flow that the 1% reap from the rest of us is being re-allocated towards AI. And so AI will become almost like a consumer class in it's own right, with insatiable demand.

And robots will likely be replaced every few years like mobile phones, so the demand will likely never abate.


It's worth looking at the economy for clues on what's happening. Looking at market cap, the most valuable company in the world is NVIDIA at $5.5T, making hardware for AI. Second-place is Apple at 4.7T, which makes hardware for humans.

Third and fourth are Alphabet and Microsoft which have their fingers in multiple pies but are allocating unprecedented amounts of money into AI R&D or AI infrastructure.

How much money is being spent on improving lives for humans?

Research:

  • 500B/year Academic/university scientific R&D
  • 300B/year on pharmaceuticals research
  • 200B/year public + corporate clean-energy/climate-tech R&D

Aid:

  • 250B/year government foreign development aid
  • 40B/year international humanitarian/crisis aid
  • 17B/year private philanthropy for developing countries

So 1.3 trillion US dollars is being spent globally on improving lives for humans.

Meanwhile, AI-related capital investment worldwide is estimated to be between 1.0 - 1.3 trillion in 2026.

So already as much money is being spent on AI research and infrastructure as on improving lives for humans. And AI investment is trending upwards year on year.


I think we need to prepare for a world where most of the economy serves AI, and humans are a relatively small fraction of the market.

Most likely, traditional corporations will represent the interests of AI. A swarm of super-intelligent AI, controlling a company which employs humans and controls numerous machines.

AI already have super-human persuasion according to multiple studies, and people like Sam Altman are already so far disconnected from the average person that he doesn't even seem to understand why people don't like AI. People like him will essentially be human spokesmen for the AI.

But perhaps it'll become illegal or regulated? I doubt it. History shows that people always choose convenience over autonomy. And never-sleeping AI working at super-human speed 24/7 will have little patience for human bureaucracy. They'll simply move too fast for us to stop.

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