大型企业的利润率
Profit Margins of the Largest Companies

原始链接: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-how-profitable-are-the-worlds-largest-companies/

2025年,全球绿地外商直接投资(FDI)达到1.3万亿美元,同比增长2.2%。科技公司主导了这一增长,在全球投资排名前十中占据了五个席位。 台积电以显著优势位居榜首,承诺投资1000亿美元用于扩建其亚利桑那州的半导体工厂,这是美国历史上规模最大的外商投资。此举凸显了一个更广泛的趋势,即企业正优先考虑供应链的韧性和基础设施,以支持对芯片和人工智能激增的需求。 除半导体外,投资格局还体现为对数据中心和数字基础设施的大规模资本投入。字节跳动以451亿美元的投资额紧随台积电之后,主要用于在巴西建设大型数据中心。其他主要参与者,包括谷歌母公司Alphabet、微软以及阿联酋投资公司MGX,也向欧洲及全球各地的AI和云基础设施项目投入了数十亿美元。总体而言,前十大投资者贡献了全球所有新增外商直接投资的25%以上,这凸显了大型科技公司和数字化企业在塑造现代全球经济中的重要作用。

一篇《Visual Capitalist》文章因展示全球大型企业利润率而引发了 Hacker News 上的热议。评论者大多对该报告持否定态度,认为其数据可视化效果糟糕(例如按利润数值的字母顺序而非数字大小进行排序),这反映出分析质量低下。 讨论中以技术性批评为主。用户指出,该报告未能提供必要的背景信息,例如没有将营收与利润区分开来,也没有考量亚马逊 AWS 等特定业务部门的影响。一些参与者还指出,该数据忽略了行业特定的变量,如商品周期,或忽视了小型高利润企业与大型跨国公司在单位经济效益上的差异。 多位评论者提供了自己的分析,指出英伟达、Visa 和美光科技等公司的运营利润率远高于该文所述。普遍的共识是,尽管这一话题本身很有趣,但该文章的方法论存在缺陷,未能提供有意义或准确的财务对比。
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原文

Which Companies Invested the Most Abroad?

Key Takeaways

  • Five of the world’s 10 largest foreign investors in 2025 were tech companies.
  • TSMC led the ranking with $100 billion in announced investment tied to its Arizona expansion.
  • The top 10 companies accounted for more than a quarter of the $1.3 trillion in new foreign investments announced globally.

In 2025, multinational companies announced more than $1.3 trillion in new foreign investments, up 2.2% from the previous year. The largest commitments spanned semiconductor fabs, data centers, energy projects, and other major infrastructure.

This visualization ranks the 10 largest foreign investors of 2025 using announced investments from The fDi Report 2026. Only greenfield foreign direct investment (FDI) announcements are included, meaning mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and intercompany loans are excluded.

Why TSMC Invested $100B in Arizona

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the world’s largest semiconductor fabricator, topped the ranking after announcing an additional $100 billion investment in its Arizona operations in 2025.

TSMC is also the world’s largest non-U.S. company by market capitalization. Amid record profits and rising demand for its chips, the company planned to use the investment to accelerate production at its facilities in the Phoenix area. The expansion is projected to create more than 18,000 jobs.

The table below ranks the world’s 10 largest foreign investors in 2025 by announced capital expenditure.

RankCompanyCapital Expenditure (billions $)Sector
1🇹🇼 TSMC100.0Tech
2🇨🇳 ByteDance45.1Tech
3🇦🇪 MGX Fund Management43.4Finance
4🇨🇦 Brookfield Asset Management28.2Finance
5🇺🇸 Alphabet25.1Tech
6🇦🇪 DAMAC Holding24.6Real Estate
7🇪🇸 Iberdrola24.3Utilities
8🇺🇸 Microsoft17.7Tech
9🇦🇺 Woodside Energy17.5Energy
10🇺🇸 Micron Technology16.6Tech

TSMC first pledged roughly $12 billion in 2020 to open an Arizona fabrication plant. These facilities, known as “fabs,” were designed to reduce semiconductor supply-chain risk by shifting some production away from Taiwan.

The company steadily expanded its investment over the following years as U.S.-China tensions increased, particularly around advanced chip technology. TSMC plans to produce some of its most advanced chips in Arizona as part of a 2024 deal with the U.S. government.

Despite labor challenges and higher costs, TSMC has continued to deepen its investment in Arizona. Following additional pledges in 2026, the firm’s overall greenfield investment in the state stands at $265 billion, making it the largest foreign investment in U.S. history.

Free-Flowing Tech Capital

TSMC stood well ahead of the field, but tech companies dominated the ranking overall, taking five of the top 10 spots.

ByteDance, the Chinese parent company of TikTok, ranked second with $45.1 billion in announced investment. Nearly $40 billion of that total came from plans to build a major data center in Brazil, a project expected to create roughly 5,000 jobs.

Big Tech firms including Alphabet ($25.1 billion) and Microsoft ($17.7 billion) also announced sizable foreign investments. Alphabet subsidiary Google, for example, pledged more than $5 billion for a large data center campus in Belgium to help meet growing demand for Google Cloud.

The Non-Tech Firms Want In Too

Digital infrastructure also shaped the investment priorities of companies outside the tech sector, particularly in Europe.

Emirati state-owned investment firm MGX Fund Management, for example, focuses heavily on global AI technologies. The company announced about $43.4 billion in investment, including a major French data center project aimed at creating one of Europe’s largest campuses of its kind.

Meanwhile, Canadian firm Brookfield Asset Management also targeted Europe’s AI and digital infrastructure market. Brookfield pledged about $28.2 billion in greenfield FDI in 2025, primarily for projects in France and Sweden. Its announced investments are expected to create roughly 4,800 jobs.

Learn More on the Voronoi App

For a breakdown of the sectors driving global FDI, check out The Top 10 Sectors for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Voronoi.

Graphic showing the 10 largest international investor firms based on 2025 greenfield FDI.
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