最高法院的判决恢复了公共利益和私人利益之间的平衡
Supreme Court Decisions Have Restored Balance Between Public And Private Interests

原始链接: https://www.zerohedge.com/political/supreme-court-decisions-have-restored-balance-between-public-and-private-interests

最近,美国最高法院对 Loper Bright Enterprises 诉 Raimondo 案和 Corner Post, Inc. 诉联邦储备系统理事会案的判决引发了有关司法系统潜在无政府状态的讨论,特别是有关环境法规的讨论。 然而,预计这些裁决不会导致混乱。 相反,它们意味着公共部门和私营部门之间的宪法调整。 在洛珀·布莱特案中,“雪佛龙主义”——尊重政府官员对复杂法律和法规的解释——被废除,这可能使私人团体能够通过有偏见的专家挑战这些指令。 这可能会导致过多的诉讼,使法院变得拥挤。 《角邮报》延长了对造成财务损害的法规提出质疑的六年时效,从受影响方遭受不利影响时开始,而不是从法规颁布或发布时开始。 批评人士认为,这些决定可能会导致轻率的诉讼损害司法系统。 然而,作者认为,企业缺乏提起大量法律纠纷的动力和手段。 他们只会在特定情况下提起诉讼——盈利能力、成功机会高以及负面新闻最少。 由于处理许可证申请、设定条件和充当日常执法者,地方机构(而不是联邦机构)通常对工业设施具有最大的影响力。 环境保护局主要侧重于监督,而不是运营。 最终,作者认为这些决定旨在根据宪法恢复公共和私人实体之间的平衡,避免过度偏向任何一方的极端立场。 此外,雪佛龙主义后专家的可信度受到质疑可能会鼓励诉讼谈判,促进行业和监管机构之间的对话。

相关文章

原文

Authored by Richard Trzupek via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours),

A group of recent rulings by the Supreme Court have led some to speculate that SCOTUS has opened the path to anarchy within the justice system, particularly in those cases that involve environmental regulation. I don’t believe that chaos is imminent—far from it—and will endeavor to make the case that SCOTUS has been reasonable within a Constitutional context.

The U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, on May 12, 2023. (Madalina Vasiliu/The Epoch Times)

For simplicity’s sake, we’ll stick to the two most important decisions: Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo (Loper Bright) and Corner Post, Inc. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Corner Post).

Loper Bright did away with the “Chevron Doctrine” that directed the judiciary to defer to public sector experts when confronted with difficult and/or seemingly ambiguous technicalities involving statutes and regulations. Corner Post moved the bar on the six-year statute of limitations that applies when a plaintiff asserts that a particular statute or regulation causes the plaintiff to suffer undue financial (or other) harm. The court held that the six-year window does not open when the statute or regulation is enacted or promulgated, but when the plaintiff first feels the effect of the onerous action.

Taken together, one could—and many have—made the argument that Loper Bright opens the door for private sector plaintiffs to effectively push forward frivolous and downright harmful legal actions by employing legions of impressive, but entirely prejudiced, experts. The potential mass of such lawsuits could cripple the judicial system by clogging its otherwise efficient pipes. Corner Post then exacerbates the problem by allowing those in the private sector determined to do so within a far wider window of opportunity within which to dispute legislation and regulation.

While I understand the arguments, I can’t agree with them in substance, or especially in tone. Loper Bright and Corner Post are not earth-shaking decisions that would score far over a “four” on the Richter Scale of American politics. They are rather gentle tremors that reflect a healthy, but not shocking, adjustment of the public versus private sector balance. My reasoning, based on 40 years of representing the private sector in interactions with the public sector, chiefly in matters involving environmental regulation:

  1. The number of companies and trade groups who have both the motivation and the resources to flood the system is as near zero as one could imagine. Industry is going to go to court only if they perceive that doing so will: (1) ultimately be substantially profitable, (2) the likelihood of winning is great, and (3) doing so would not generate a significant amount of bad PR. I don’t believe there are many federal regulations or policies that will meet all three criteria.
  2. Rules and policies that have resulted in large capital expenditures are unlikely to be targets for further action. That capital is sunk and, in most every instance, the operational and maintenance costs to run controls, run monitoring systems, manage records, etc. is negligible in the scheme of things.
  3. For most industries, it is the local permitting authority (state agency, district, county, or municipality) that has the biggest impact—by far—on the nature of the relationship between the regulators and the regulatory community. They are the day-to-day enforcement arm. They process the permit applications and set permit conditions. The Environmental Protection Agency’s primary role in the system is oversight, not operations.
  4. Finally, I continue to believe that the net effect of Loper Bright, Corner Post, et al., will be much more about negotiation than adjudication. I often work with environmental attorneys on enforcement actions directed against a particular industrial facility. There have been many times where I convinced both counsel and his client that the permitting authority had made substantial scientific errors in developing their allegations, but the attorney declined to use this knowledge. The Chevron Doctrine was like a storm cloud hanging over those decisions. With the sun once again shining equally on all sides, I believe that industry will be more emboldened to take on questionable permitting and enforcement actions going forward. Knowing that their experts no longer possess the gift of infallibility, permitting authorities may also be a bit more moved to stay longer at the bargaining before heading for court.

In my view, Loper Bright, Corner Post, et al. have restored a bit more badly needed balance between public and private interests in America, and have done so in a manner consistent with the language and intent of our Constitution.

These decisions do not represent a massive, dangerous sell-out to the private sector, nor are they an angry rebuke of the public sector and some of its policies. They rather represent what appears to be the Roberts court’s continuing effort to steer judicial accountability back toward the middle.

Views expressed in this article are opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.

联系我们 contact @ memedata.com