肯塔基
-tucky (2023)

原始链接: https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=58650

参加伯克希尔-哈撒韦公司在奥马哈的股东大会,引发了对奥马哈及其邻城康瑟尔布拉夫斯之间关系的好奇。一位出租车司机透露了当地的看法:康瑟尔布拉夫斯被视为“问题儿童”,带有贬义地被称为“康瑟尔肯塔基”。 这促使人们探索“-tucky”后缀,发现了一个类似的词语“宾夕法尼亚肯塔基”,但污名化程度远低。研究“肯塔基”的起源表明,它可能源于伊罗魁语或阿尔冈昆语,意思是“草地”或“土地”,但这无法解释其贬义用法。 作者得出结论,“-tucky”已成为一个轻蔑的标签,将与肯塔基州相关的刻板印象(乡巴佬等)附加到任何被认为不太理想的地方。这次经历引发了一个更广泛的问题:像达拉斯-沃斯堡或明尼阿波利斯-圣保罗这样的双子城市居民如何看待彼此?最终,这篇文章强调了语言在延续偏见和刻板印象方面的力量。

这个黑客新闻的讨论围绕着“-tucky”后缀在地名中的使用和含义。最初的帖子引发了一场关于这个术语并不总是具有地理特异性的对话——“Pennsyltucky”可以指代一个*类似*宾夕法尼亚州和肯塔基州的地方,甚至仅仅指宾夕法尼亚州本身。 用户分享了来自他们自己地区的一些例子:“Ventucky”(加利福尼亚州文图拉)、“Glentucky”(亚利桑那州格伦代尔),甚至密歇根州东南部与阿巴拉契亚移民相关的历史用法。一个关键点是,这个术语通常暗示着社会经济差距,例如奥马哈和康瑟尔布拉夫斯之间的对比,而不仅仅是乡村“乡巴佬”的刻板印象。 该帖子还涉及了语言的演变以及原本中性的词语(“retard”、“moron”)如何变得带有贬义,从而引发了关于表达负面情绪的讨论。最终,这场对话突出了地区昵称的细微差别及其潜在的内涵,以及它们的主观性。
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Last weekend, I was in Omaha for the annual Berkshire-Hathaway Shareholders Meeting.  Not that I am a shareholder of Berkshire-Hathaway, but simply because I was curious to see two nonagenarian financial wizards hold forth in front of 20,000 enthusiastic fans for a whole day.  I wasn't disappointed, though I must confess that I didn't understand half of what Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger were saying about value investing.

Since I was staying in Council Bluffs and the meeting was held at the CHI Health Center across the river in Omaha, I had to go back and forth across the Missouri River several times, so I became curious about the relationship between the two cities.  I asked a taxi driver from Council Bluffs, who was born and grew up there, what local people thought of the twin cities.  "We're the one with all the problems," he said.  "So much so that they call us Counciltucky.

I had never heard of that word before, and when I looked it up, I didn't like what I found, because it attaches serious stigma to the people of Council Bluffs.

I told some friends about it, and they said, yes, and we have "Pennsyltucky" too.  But when I looked that up, it wasn't nearly so demeaning as "Counciltucky".  It basically just means Pennsylvania minus the Pittsburgh and Philadelphia metropolitan areas.

Curious about the apparent meaning of the suffix "-tucky", I looked up the etymology of "Kentucky", and this is what I found:

Sometime before 1769, Botetourt and successor counties of Virginia Colony whose geographical extent was south of the Ohio/Allegheny rivers beyond the Appalachian Mountains became known to European Americans as Kentucky (or Kentucke) country named for the Kentucky River, a tributary of the Ohio River in east central Kentucky. The precise etymology of the name is uncertain.

One theory sees the word based on an Iroquoian name meaning "(on) the meadow" or "(on) the prairie" (cf. Mohawk kenhtà:ke, Seneca gëdá'geh (phonemic /kɛ̃taʔkɛh/), "at the field").

Another theory suggests a derivation from the term Kenta Aki, which could have come from an Algonquian language, in particular from Shawnee. Folk etymology translates this as "Land of Our Fathers". The closest approximation in another Algonquian language, Ojibwe, translates as "Land of Our In-Laws", thus making a fairer English translation "The Land of Those Who Became Our Fathers".[18] In any case, the word aki means "land" in most Algonquian languages.

A third theory states that the name Kentucky may be a corruption of the word Catawba, in reference to the Catawba people who inhabited Kentucky.

(source)

..[T]he name is of Iroquois or Shawnee origin, perhaps a Wyandot (Iroquoian) word meaning "meadow" (compare Seneca geda'geh "at the field"); the original use in English seems to have been the river name; the native use perhaps was first in reference to a village in what now is Clark County known in Shawnee as Eskippakithiki.

(source)

Unclear. Possibly from an Iroquoian word meaning "prairie"; compare Mohawk kenhtà:ke (the meadow), Seneca gëdá'geh (at the field).

(source)

Maybe "-tucky" means "prairie", "meadow", or "field", but we cannot be sure of that.  In any event, it wouldn't match the implied meaning in "Counciltucky".  Rather, what we seem to have is the detachment of the final portion of the name of a state that people think of as populated by hillbillies, hicks, and so forth.  They they stick this pejorative pseudo-suffix on the first part of the name of whatever place or group they wish to deprecate, and voilà! you have a new, negative, stereotypical cognomen.  It's all petty prejudice and silly irrationality.

Still and all, I often wonder what the residents of twin cities everywhere think of each other — Dallas-Fort Worth, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Urbana-Champaign, and so on and so forth.

 

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