用比例代表制来修复两党制。
Fix the two-party system with proportional representation

原始链接: https://agrarianparty.org/platform/peoples-act

## 明尼苏达农人党:人民法案与比例代表制 明尼苏达农人党倡导对该州投票系统进行重大转变——实施**比例代表制**,以克服当前两党统治的局限性。他们认为,明尼苏达人应该拥有一个能听到所有声音的系统,而不仅仅是多数人的声音。 他们提出的“人民法案”的核心是投票给*政党*,而不是个人,席位根据每个政党在选区内的得票比例分配。该党强调,每个选区的代表人数至关重要;目前,明尼苏达州的单代表选区有效地排除了少数政党。 他们建议利用现有的国会选区,每个选区选举8名参议员和16名众议员,略微减少立法者的总人数,同时大幅提高公平性。该党认为,理想的选区规模应有8-16名代表,允许较小的政党获得代表权,而不会变得过于有影响力。 最终,农人党相信比例代表制将促进明尼苏达州更加民主和具有代表性的政府,真正尊重*所有*人民的意愿。

一场 Hacker News 的讨论集中在修复美国两党制的问题上。最初的帖子提出比例代表制(链接至 agrarianparty.org)作为解决方案。 评论者普遍认为*缺乏解决方案不是问题*,而是*实施变革的政治意愿*。 许多人提倡采用排序选择投票(RCV)作为更可行的替代方案,认为它保留了行政部门,同时减少了负面竞选。 另一些人质疑比例代表制是否可能导致更极化的候选人,并且有人指出可能会发现现有的、未被代表的第三方。 关于州政府规模,以明尼苏达州为例,出现了一处争论点。 最后,一些人承认 RCV 在地方选举中最近的挫折,而原始发帖人邀请大家讨论每个选区的最佳代表人数。
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原文

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The Peoples Act is an in-progress set of legislative changes. Start your candidacy or volunteer your time to help research and define these policies.

We are locked in a voting system that ends in two-party control. Minnesotans deserve better, and there’s an easy fix.

We call on Minnesota to implement proportional representation. It’s simple: instead of voting for one person to represent you, you’ll vote for one party to represent you, and we’ll distribute seats proportionally. The key question is how big are your districts, and how many representatives do you elect for each district.

Here’s an example of voting results in one district along with the number of candidates that get elected for each party based on the total number of representatives elected in that district:

Party Votes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Republicans 380 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6
Democrats 260 - 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4
Agrarians 220 - - 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4
Independents 80 - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Green 50 - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 1
Socialists 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The most obvious pattern is that minority parties do not receive any representation until there at least of few representatives per district.

In Minnesota, we always follow the first column of one representative per district and democracy suffers.

Depending on your perspective, fairness may not emerge until 8-16 representatives per district. At only 1% of the vote, the Socialists will not see representation unless a district contains 50 or more elected representatives. Let’s look what happens when we follow this to the extreme:

Party Votes 17 18 19 20 25 50 100 200 500 1000
Republicans 380 7 7 7 8 9 19 38 76 190 380
Democrats 260 4 5 5 5 7 13 26 52 130 260
Agrarians 220 4 4 4 4 6 11 22 44 110 220
Independents 80 1 1 2 2 2 4 8 16 40 80
Green 50 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 10 25 50
Socialists 10 - - - - - 1 1 2 5 10

The ratios do not drastically change until 5% of the voters are now also representatives and the Socialists receive a single represenative. At this point they are over-represented with 1% of the vote and 2% of the representatives. Yet they still do not have enough power to form or change coalitions.

By 100 representatives per district, these voting results happen to achieve perfect fairness (because all vote totals are divisible by ten), but that would not typically occur until every single voter is also a represenative and we have achieved perfect direct democracy.

Our party is a strong advocate for representative democracy, and we believe that 8-16 representatives per district is the ideal number. Smaller than that, and relevant minority parties are excluded; larger than that, and the increased representation is too small to justify the costs and logistical challenges of that many representatives.

We can simply achieve this in Minnesota by replacing our state legislative districts with our existing congressional districts. Instead of electing one Senator from each legislative district and one Representative from each legislative sub-district, we’ll elect eight Senators and 16 Representatives from each congressional district.

This will reduce the number of Senators from 67 to 64, and reduce the number of Representatives from 134 to 128. Yet fairness, represenative and democracy will increase.

Vote Agrarian to respect the People, support Democracy and implement proportional representation in Minnesota!

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