学习一门新语言的最佳方法是什么?
What's the best way to learn a new language?

原始链接: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260220-whats-the-best-way-to-learn-a-new-language

语言学习已被证明能促进大脑健康,但学习方法正在迅速发展,不再局限于传统的课堂学习。像“微学习”这样的新方法——将课程分解为小而易于理解的部分——旨在对抗遗忘曲线并加速流利度。技术也发挥着关键作用,聊天机器人和虚拟现实提供沉浸式练习。 然而,一些人担心这些快速学习方法会牺牲重要的文化理解和会话细微之处。为了研究最有效的方法,一位研究人员与兰卡斯特大学的语言学习实验室合作。他们进行了一项模拟真实世界沉浸式的实验,重点研究大脑在没有明确指导的情况下自然解码新声音和单词的方式。该研究旨在揭示在当今时间有限的世界中,基于科学的语言习得策略。

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原文

The benefits of language-learning for our long-term brain health and happiness are well noted, so no regrets there. But had my four years of studying a language to degree level conjugating verbs and memorising vocabulary become an outdated way of learning? (Read more about the benefits of bilingualism here).

Krupa Padhy during her year abroad in Paris where she worked in a high school (Credit: Krupa Padhy)

Along with the promise of becoming fluent at lightning speed, a range of new methods and technologies have transformed how we pick up languages in an increasingly time-poor age. One is "microlearning", an approach that breaks down new information into small chunks that are meant to be absorbed quickly, sometimes within minutes or even seconds. It's rooted in a concept known as the forgetting curve, which states that when people take in large amounts of information, they remember less of it over time. 

In addition, there's a wealth of new technologies, from chatbots offering instant feedback, to virtual reality and augmented reality technologies which drop you into conversations with virtual native speakers. However, some argue that the promise of fast fluency misses crucial elements of actually learning to speak to people in another language, such as developing cultural understanding and nuance.

So, with all this choice, what's actually the best, science-backed way to learn a language? To find out, I teamed up with two researchers at Lancaster University's Language Learning Lab: Patrick Rebuschat, a professor of linguistics and cognitive science, and Padraic Monaghan, a professor of cognition in the department of psychology. They let me try out an experiment they designed to mirror language-learning in the real world, and reveal how our brain picks up and makes sense of new words and sounds. The tasks basically simulate how we would cope if we were dropped into a foreign country with an unknown language, and just had to use our innate skills to figure out the new, mysterious sounds around us, and start to make sense of them.

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