硅谷无法像以前那样进口人才,所以它正在输出就业机会。
Silicon Valley can't import talent like before. So it's exporting jobs

原始链接: https://restofworld.org/2026/h1b-visa-impact-india-tech-hiring-faamng/

像Meta、亚马逊、苹果、微软、Netflix和谷歌等美国科技巨头正在大幅增加在印度的招聘,这得益于H-1B签证项目日益收紧。 近期的变化,包括大幅提高费用和增加拒签率,使得公司难以将技术工人带到美国。 2025年印度招聘人数增长了大约18%,新增了33,000名员工,预计2026年将出现更大幅度的增长。 对人工智能、机器学习、云计算和网络安全等领域的需求尤其旺盛——这些领域需要“深度技术”专业知识。 为了应对签证限制,公司正在将工作岗位转移到海外,研究表明,每被拒签一张H-1B签证,就会在国外创造0.4-0.9个工作岗位,主要是在印度。 例如,谷歌正在扩大其班加罗尔的办公空间,可能将其印度员工人数翻倍。 印度已经拥有全球产能中心的重要部分,并且在该领域拥有世界一半的劳动力,使其成为美国本土人才招聘的一个有吸引力的替代方案。

## 硅谷就业转变 最近在Hacker News上的讨论强调了科技行业的一个转变:由于向美国引进人才变得越来越困难,公司越来越多地**输出就业岗位**。 核心问题不是缺乏熟练工人,而是希望**降低劳动力成本**。 一些评论员指出,公司正在像印度这样的国家开设办事处,以更低的工资(每年1万美元 vs 每年10万美元)获取开发人员。 还有人注意到,专门寻找美国公民/永久居民的职位发布数量增加,甚至对于不需要安全许可的职位也是如此。 这种趋势超出了外包的范畴;公司正在积极地将招聘和初创投资转移到特拉维夫等地区,那里的工资与美国城市相当,但人才供应充足。 一些人认为这是H1-B签证审查的必然结果,而另一些人则强调,就业输出已经发生了几十年,受到利润动机和投资者压力的驱动。 最终,这场对话揭示了对成本节约的优先考虑,而非对国内人才的投资,一些人建议需要解决驱动这些决定的潜在经济力量。
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原文

If tech talent can’t come to the U.S., American companies will go where the talent is.

Hiring by Meta, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, Netflix, and Google has risen sharply in India in recent months. This trend coincides with the growing scrutiny of the H-1B visa, often used by tech companies to bring international talent to the U.S.

There were about 4,200 open positions at these companies in India as of February 5, Anuj Agrawal, founder and CEO of talent advisory and recruitment firm Zyoin Group, told Rest of World.

Of the current openings, just 15% are for entry-level roles that require less than three years of experience, while AI, machine learning, cloud, and cybersecurity roles comprise nearly half of the vacancies.

This probably has been the strongest growth in several years.”

In 2025, these companies added around 33,000 workers in India, a roughly 18% increase from the previous year, Bengaluru-based human resources expert N. Shivakumar told Rest of World.

“This probably has been the strongest growth in several years,” Shivakumar said. “There is so much abundance of mature talent available — not just talent which is doing the basic job, but they are into deep tech, deep learning, and they’re heavily into AI.”

Based on early signs, Shivakumar expects an even steeper uptick in U.S. tech giants’ hiring in India in 2026.

Experts believe a big reason for this rush to hire in India is the recent clampdown on the H-1B visa program, which allows highly skilled workers to live and work in the U.S. for up to six years.

The H-1B has undergone major changes under President Donald Trump, making it much harder to get. Its fee has been increased from around $5,000 per petition to $100,000, among other updates. There has also been a sharp rise in rejections and tighter scrutiny of applicants.

This “changed the math entirely,” Agrawal said, referring to the impact of the recent changes on businesses that have depended on the H-1B in the past.

The trend poses a risk to tech companies, which are among the biggest beneficiaries of the H-1B. In 2025, Amazon, Google, Meta, Microsoft, and Apple were among the top 10 H-1B visa recipients.

The majority of H-1B workers in the tech sector each year are from India.

According to a 2024 study by a University of Pennsylvania researcher, companies that are heavily focused on research and development often navigate visa restrictions by outsourcing jobs outside the U.S. For every H-1B rejection, companies hire 0.4-0.9 employees abroad, and most of these roles are concentrated in India, China, and Canada, the study found.

“Unlike other firms, multinational companies have the option of responding to restrictions on skilled immigration by offshoring their high-skilled activities,” the study noted.

On February 3, Bloomberg reported that Google’s parent company, Alphabet, was looking to lease up to 2.4 million square feet of additional office space in Bengaluru. At full capacity, that space could accommodate up to 20,000 people, more than doubling its current India head count. Agrawal estimates over 2,000 of these positions will be related to machine learning, and 1,000 to AI, requiring skills like chip design and data science.

Bengaluru is already home to Google’s largest workforce outside the U.S. As of this month, Google had 365 open positions in India posted on its website, with more than two-thirds listed in Bengaluru.

Most other major American tech companies, too, have a large presence in India. Bengaluru is home to Microsoft’s first and largest R&D center outside the U.S. India also hosts Microsoft’s second-largest workforce. The same is true for Amazon.

Amazon and Microsoft have committed $35 billion and $17.5 billion, respectively, for AI innovation and jobs in India before the end of the decade. India already comprises half of the world’s workforce in global capacity centers, or GCCs — specialized, company-owned offshore units established by multinational corporations to perform high-value, strategic functions like IT services, R&D, and analytics. Around 2 million Indians currently work at GCCs.

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