Home 零对冲(ZeroHedge)每日HackerNews

FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE 发布公告
FreeBSD 14.4-Release Announcement

原始链接: https://www.freebsd.org/releases/14.4R/announce/

## FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE 发布 FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE 现已发布，支持多种架构，包括 amd64、i386、aarch64 等。安装方式包括可引导 ISO 镜像、网络安装或 USB 存储设备。提供多种镜像类型： * **dvd1:** 完整安装，包含软件包和救援模式。 * **disc1:** 基础操作系统，救援模式，不包含软件包。 * **bootonly/mini-memstick:** 启动后需要网络安装。 * **memstick:** 通过 USB 完整安装。 * **SD 卡镜像:** 专为 ARM 系统设计，包含预配置的用户账户以便通过 SSH 访问。 针对 amd64、i386、AArch64 和 RISCV 架构，还提供预构建的虚拟机镜像（QCOW2、VHD、VMDK、raw）。此外，FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE 可通过提供的 AMI ID 和市场列表轻松部署在 AWS 和 Google Cloud 平台上。 提供校验和（SHA512 & SHA256）以及经过 PGP 签名的公告版本，用于验证。详细说明，包括创建可引导 USB 驱动器的 `dd` 命令示例，包含在发布文档中。

## FreeBSD 14.4 发布与讨论总结 FreeBSD 14.4 已发布，作为维护更新，但许多人建议新安装使用更新的 15.0 版本。讨论强调了 FreeBSD 的优势：维护良好的操作系统，拥有出色的文档，性能接近 Linux（尤其是在网络方面），内核/用户空间开发过程连贯，配置比 Linux 更简单。 用户称赞其服务器的稳定性，易于学习的工具（如 `pf` 和 `zfs`），以及友好的社区。虽然 Linux 拥有更广泛的硬件支持和更大的生态系统，但 FreeBSD 提供了一种令人耳目一新的替代方案，特别是对于那些希望摆脱“Linux 单一文化”的人。 最近的进展，例如通过 p9fs 实现的 Bhyve 虚拟机共享文件系统访问，令人兴奋。关于 systemd 与 FreeBSD 的 `rc.d` 初始化系统，争论仍在继续，一些人提倡现代化，同时重视 FreeBSD 的简洁性。一个关键点是，鉴于 FreeBSD 基金会在 Apple 和 Netflix 等大型公司使用的技术中的基础作用，支持 FreeBSD 基金会非常重要。
相关文章
原文

FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE is now available for the amd64, i386, aarch64, armv7, powerpc, powerpc64, and riscv64 architectures.

FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE can be installed from bootable ISO images or over the network. Some architectures also support installing from a USB memory stick. The required files can be downloaded as described below.

SHA512 and SHA256 hashes for the release ISO, memory stick, and SD card images are included at the bottom of this message.

PGP-signed checksums for the release images are also available at:

A PGP-signed version of this announcement is available at:

The purpose of the images provided as part of the release are as follows:

dvd1

This contains everything necessary to install the base FreeBSD operating system, the documentation, debugging distribution sets, and a small set of pre-built packages aimed at getting a graphical workstation up and running. It also supports booting into a "livefs" based rescue mode. This should be all you need if you can burn and use DVD-sized media.

Additionally, this can be written to a USB memory stick (flash drive) for the amd64 architecture and used to do an install on machines capable of booting off USB drives. It also supports booting into a "livefs" based rescue mode.

As one example of how to use the dvd1 image, assuming the USB drive appears as /dev/da0 on your machine something like this should work:

# dd if=FreeBSD-14.4-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso \
    of=/dev/da0 bs=1m conv=sync

Be careful to make sure you get the target (of=) correct.

disc1

This contains the base FreeBSD operating system. It also supports booting into a "livefs" based rescue mode. There are no pre-built packages.

Additionally, this can be written to a USB memory stick (flash drive) for the amd64 architecture and used to do an install on machines capable of booting off USB drives. It also supports booting into a "livefs" based rescue mode. There are no pre-built packages.

As one example of how to use the disc1 image, assuming the USB drive appears as /dev/da0 on your machine something like this should work:

# dd if=FreeBSD-14.4-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso \
    of=/dev/da0 bs=1m conv=sync

Be careful to make sure you get the target (of=) correct.

bootonly

This supports booting a machine using the CDROM drive but does not contain the installation distribution sets for installing FreeBSD from the CD itself. You would need to perform a network based install (e.g., from an HTTP or FTP server) after booting from the CD.

Additionally, this can be written to a USB memory stick (flash drive) for the amd64 architecture and used to do an install on machines capable of booting off USB drives. It also supports booting into a "livefs" based rescue mode. There are no pre-built packages.

As one example of how to use the bootonly image, assuming the USB drive appears as /dev/da0 on your machine something like this should work:

# dd if=FreeBSD-14.4-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso \
    of=/dev/da0 bs=1m conv=sync

Be careful to make sure you get the target (of=) correct.

memstick

This can be written to a USB memory stick (flash drive) and used to do an install on machines capable of booting off USB drives. It also supports booting into a "livefs" based rescue mode. There are no pre-built packages.

As one example of how to use the memstick image, assuming the USB drive appears as /dev/da0 on your machine something like this should work:

# dd if=FreeBSD-14.4-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img \
    of=/dev/da0 bs=1m conv=sync

Be careful to make sure you get the target (of=) correct.

mini-memstick

This can be written to a USB memory stick (flash drive) and used to boot a machine, but does not contain the installation distribution sets on the medium itself, similar to the bootonly image. It also supports booting into a "livefs" based rescue mode. There are no pre-built packages.

As one example of how to use the mini-memstick image, assuming the USB drive appears as /dev/da0 on your machine something like this should work:

# dd if=FreeBSD-14.4-RELEASE-amd64-mini-memstick.img \
    of=/dev/da0 bs=1m conv=sync

Be careful to make sure you get the target (of=) correct.

FreeBSD/arm SD card images

These can be written to an SD card and used to boot the supported arm system. The SD card image contains the full FreeBSD installation, and can be installed onto SD cards as small as 5 GB.

For convenience for those without console access to the system, a freebsd user with a password of freebsd is available by default for ssh(1) access. Additionally, the root user password is set to root; it is strongly recommended to change the password for both users after gaining access to the system.

To write the FreeBSD/arm image to an SD card, use the dd(1) utility, replacing KERNEL with the appropriate kernel configuration name for the system.

# dd if=FreeBSD-14.4-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-RPI.img \
    of=/dev/da0 bs=1m conv=sync

Be careful to make sure you get the target (of=) correct.

Pre-installed virtual machine images are also available for the amd64 (x86_64), i386 (x86_32), AArch64 (arm64), and RISCV (riscv64) architectures in QCOW2, VHD, and VMDK disk image formats, as well as raw (unformatted) images.

FreeBSD 14.4-RELEASE is also available on these cloud hosting platforms:

FreeBSD/amd64 EC2 AMI IDs can be retrieved from the Systems Manager Parameter Store in each region using the keys:

        /aws/service/freebsd/amd64/base/ufs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/amd64/base/zfs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/amd64/builder/ufs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/amd64/builder/zfs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/amd64/cloud-init/ufs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/amd64/cloud-init/zfs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/amd64/small/ufs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/amd64/small/zfs/14.4/RELEASE

AMIs are also available in the AWS Marketplace at:

        https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/prodview-sxzreyutwngxy (UFS)
        https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/prodview-4csbncujmsgbk (ZFS)

FreeBSD/aarch64 EC2 AMI IDs can be retrieved from the Systems Manager Parameter Store in each region using the keys:

        /aws/service/freebsd/arm64/base/ufs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/arm64/base/zfs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/arm64/builder/ufs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/arm64/builder/zfs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/arm64/cloud-init/ufs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/arm64/cloud-init/zfs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/arm64/small/ufs/14.4/RELEASE
        /aws/service/freebsd/arm64/small/zfs/14.4/RELEASE

AMIs are also available in the AWS Marketplace at:

        https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/prodview-axdyrrhr6pboq (UFS)
        https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/prodview-7xtubzy4v4oo4 (ZFS)
      % gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE \
        --image freebsd-14-4-release-amd64-ufs \
        --image-project=freebsd-org-cloud-dev
      % gcloud compute ssh INSTANCE
联系我们 contact @ memedata.com