欧盟公司:一项新的统一公司法律制度
EU Inc.: A new harmonised corporate legal regime

原始链接: https://commission.europa.eu/topics/business-and-industry/doing-business-eu/company-law-and-corporate-governance/eu-inc-new-harmonised-corporate-legal-regime_en

欧盟委员会正在提议一项新的、可选的“欧盟公司”(EU Inc.)公司法律框架——实际上是“第28套制度”,旨在提升欧洲竞争力,特别是对于创新型公司和初创企业。该框架于2025年1月竞争力指南中公布,将提供一套统一的、全欧盟范围内的公司、破产、劳动和税法规则。 主要特点包括大幅简化且完全数字化的公司注册(48小时内,最高100欧元),简化整个公司生命周期的流程,以及更便捷的数字股份转让。该框架支持现代融资、数字化破产程序和自动数据共享给相关部门。 至关重要的是,欧盟公司引入一项通用的、可选的员工股票期权计划,并递延纳税,旨在吸引顶尖人才。虽然所有创始人都可以使用,但它与现有的国家公司形式并存,为跨欧盟运营的企业提供了一种灵活的替代方案。

欧盟推出了一套新的、统一的法律制度,旨在简化企业在成员国之间的业务开展。这项举措很大程度上源于基层努力,允许更快速(48小时)、更便宜(低于100欧元)且完全数字化的公司注册——这是朝着建立更统一的欧洲市场迈出的重要一步。 Hacker News上的讨论强调了这一成就,尽管它以指令而非法规的形式实施(这意味着各国实施情况各不相同)。一些评论员质疑欧盟声称自己不是主权实体,因为它有能力创建如此全面的法律框架并对成员国进行处罚。 其他讨论点包括对公司有限责任的担忧,以及对这项举措时机的怀疑,一些人担心人工智能的进步将使传统初创企业过时。尽管如此,许多人认为这是一项积极的进展,可以通过减少官僚障碍来鼓励欧洲的更多创业活动。
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原文

Following the Political Guidelines 2024–2029 of the European Commission and the mission letter of the Commissioner for Democracy, Justice and the Rule of Law, the Commission’s January 2025 Competitiveness Compass announced the creation of a “28th regime” as part of a broader strategy to strengthen the competitiveness of the European economy. The objective is to enable innovative companies to operate under a single, harmonised set of EU-wide rules, covering relevant aspects of corporate, insolvency, labour and tax law. 

Against this background, the EU Inc. will establish a new, harmonised corporate legal regime across the European Union. While particularly designed for innovative companies and startups, it will be available to any founder who considers it suitable, alongside existing national company forms.

The  Proposal for an EU Inc. corporate legal framework  provides faster (within 48 hours), cheaper (maximum EUR 100) and fully digital company registration, simplified procedures throughout the company life cycle, easier digital share transfers and capital operations, support for modern financing instruments, and the possibility for Member States to allow access to public equity markets. It also introduces fully digital insolvency procedures and automatic transmission of company data to relevant authorities in line with the “once-only principle,” while including safeguards against fraud and abuse. Moreover, it will provide a common optional scheme for employee stock options with harmonized deffered taxation, which will enable EU Inc. companies to attract the best talents. 

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