系统d和Flatpak上的年龄验证
Age verification on Systemd and Flatpak

原始链接: https://cybrkyd.com/post/age-verification-on-systemd-and-flatpak/

苹果正在对英国的 iPhone 和 iPad 用户实施年龄验证,此举引发了隐私担忧。目前英国法律仅要求*服务提供商*验证年龄,而苹果正在将其扩展到设备/操作系统层面——这一决定并非法律要求。此前,苹果已经取消了对新英国用户的增强数据保护功能。 作者质疑苹果的动机,认为这可能是为遵守 2027 年即将出台的加州立法而进行的“试验场”。这与 Linux 社区(Systemd、Flatpak)实施年龄验证的努力相似,同样受到加州法律的推动。 一个关键的担忧是*如何*验证和信任年龄,尤其是在像 Linux 这样的自助系统上,用户可能会篡改他们的出生日期。苹果的此举被视为一种主动行为,可能预见未来的法规,但引发了关于越权和在缺乏明确法律依据的情况下侵蚀用户隐私的问题。

## Systemd & Flatpak 年龄验证争议 Systemd 和 Flatpak 最近的一项添加年龄相关字段的改动,在技术社区引发了争论。核心问题围绕着加州的一项要求年龄验证的法律,以及对这项看似微小的改动可能为更广泛的数据收集和监控敞开大门的担忧。 支持者认为,目前的实现方式——仅存储用户提供的年龄段——是比更具侵入性的验证方法更不具侵入性的替代方案,而批评者担心这会为强制数据共享和潜在滥用树立先例。担忧集中在应用程序和网站利用这些数据的可能性上,即使法律本意是保持其私密性。 许多人强调了滑坡论证,认为这是迈向更广泛的身份识别要求和在线匿名性丧失的第一步。 还有人指出,这有可能成为事实上的标准,迫使非 Systemd 系统遵守。 讨论还涉及科技公司优先遵守法规而非用户隐私,以及抵制自上而下的数字监控的重要性。 最终,这场争论凸显了保护儿童上网和维护个人自由之间的根本矛盾。
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原文


Apple is rolling out age verification for iPhone and iPad in the UK. The idea is to get the device “owner” to verify their age so that they can access “certain services”. Apple has already removed encryption for UK users in 2025: Apple can no longer offer Advanced Data Protection in the United Kingdom to new users.

What is the end game here? If it was an ISP doing this, I don’t think I would bat an eyelid, but this is a device manufacturer who just so happens to make their own operating system. Why are they now rolling out age verification? The UK law does not compel operating systems or hardware manufacturers to verify a user’s age in the same way that it requires service providers to. Why the overreach? Why the “helpfulness” from Apple? What is this really about?

Apple’s move sets the stage for others to follow. In my earlier rant about Apple, I am impatiently waiting for Android to go the same way. It will come, of that I am certain.

Is this a precursor to what Apple soon needs to do in California by 2027? Their initial move in the UK market doesn’t make any sense. I’m trying to think about this from a purely business perspective – is this their test bed for what they will soon have to do in their home town?

When the UK High Court issues a directive to block a domain, ISPs are compelled by law to block it. We have seen this before in the UK, many times. It helps to combat Internet piracy. Sure, it is like chopping off one of Hydra’s heads but it will at least put in place an inconvenience and hopefully, eventually, reduce Internet piracy.

This move by Apple, I can sort of see it in the same light. However, the key difference here is that this is a unilateral decision by Apple. In much the same way that they unilaterally opted to remove encryption for some of their iCloud data offerings. There was no High Court order; the UK law requires service providers – not operating systems – to block or unblock content. That is my understanding.

From a purely business perspective, it might be the thinking at Apple that they need to get ahead of the game. They are not entirely wrong or alone. Systemd has had a pull request which adds age verification. Flatpak is discussing the technicals around how to implement age verification.

This is all to do with that Californian law.

What I wonder about though is, from a Linux OS point of view, how would I “prove” that I’m an adult? The Systemd check seems to be configured so that only root can make changes to the data, in much the same way that the Flatpak folks are looking at. So, what does that mean? I am my own system admin… can I simply input that my one user account (that again being me) was born on 01 January 1970 and be done with it? Will my system believe me? And how about their system, whoever “they” are? If not, then what else will I need to do to prove my birth date and age? Who will check if root can’t be trusted? How will they check?

Where is all this going? Who knows? The lawmakers seem to have it all figured out. My questions have no answers. Not yet. At least, none that I could find. Non-Systemd Linux distros are laughing right now, and pointing fingers, doing that “Ha ha” of Nelson Muntz, except, they are not the bullies. They are making fun of the bullied.

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