加州立法机构同意将驾驶执照上传至国家数据库
California legislature agrees to upload driver's licenses to national database

原始链接: https://papersplease.org/wp/2026/06/27/california-legislature-agrees-to-upload-drivers-licenses-to-national-database/

在加州州长纽森与美国国土安全部的压力下,加州立法机构已同意拨款,将所有州签发的身份证件数据整合至由美国机动车管理协会(AAMVA)管理的私营 SPEXS 国家数据库中。尽管支持者声称此举包含“护栏”条款,但批评人士认为这些保护措施形同虚设,且未能解决根本的安全风险。 一旦转移至该私营数据库,敏感的居民数据便容易受到联邦传票或搜查令的影响。此类法律请求通常附带禁止公开令,这意味着加州政府及其公民将无法获知其信息已被获取或泄露。批评人士警告称,这些数据可能会被用作针对弱势群体的武器,包括加州的移民和跨性别群体。 此外,加州为此次行动提供的理由——即联邦法律要求——具有误导性。遵守《真实身份证法案》(REAL-ID Act)依然是可选项,且没有任何联邦指令要求必须与私营非营利组织共享数据。反对者认为,加州应当拒绝这种妥协,转而挑战国土安全部的越权行为,坚持履行保护居民隐私和出行权的职责,而非向联邦的威胁屈服。

加州立法机构已达成一项协议,将驾照数据上传至国家数据库。此举主要是为了符合 2005 年联邦《真实身份法案》(Real ID Act)的要求。在国土安全部的施压下,加州州长加文·纽森同意了这项整合计划,该部门此前曾威胁称,若不执行,加州颁发的证件将无法在机场和联邦设施内使用。 Hacker News 上的讨论凸显了这一问题的复杂性,其影响超越了传统的党派界限。支持者认为,通过美国机动车管理局协会(AAMVA)共享数据有助于减少欺诈、预防保险问题,并将危险驾驶者剔除出道路,从而提高公共安全。 相反,批评者则提出了隐私方面的担忧,特别是联邦政府可能通过传票获取敏感数据。争议的一个核心点在于这些数据有可能被联邦移民当局利用,因为加州向居民颁发驾照时并不考量其合法居留身份。许多评论者认为此举是迈向事实上的国家身份证制度的一步,并质疑其对州自治权及无证居民隐私的长期影响。
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原文

Withdrawing its opposition under behind-the-scenes pressure from Gov. Gavin Newsom and lawless threats from the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the California legislature has agreed to fund and revise state law to authorize the upload of information about all driver’s licenses and ID cards issued by the state to the private SPEXS national ID database operated by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA).

The budget compromise between Gov. Newsom and the legislature announced last night includes “guardrails” intended to give an illusion of protection for license and ID data.

There’s no time before the hearing on the budget compromise scheduled for Monday morning in the Senate Budget Committee for legislators to assess whether those guardrails will be effective. But to anyone aware of the real threat, it’s apparent that they are a sham.

That was inevitable, as we’ve pointed out in our previous statements to the legislature.

Once this data is transferred to AAMVA, components of the DHS or other Federal or state law enforcement agencies will be able to obtain it from AAMVA by court order. Such a subpoena or warrant could, and probably would, include a gag order prohibiting AAMVA from disclosing it to the state of California or to the individuals whose data is disclosed.

Even after the fact, neither California nor individual Californians will know that this has happened or be able to challenge it.

That data could be misused in many ways, but it’s especially likely be weaponized against  immigrant and transgende Californians who are already being targeted by Federal agencies and other states.

The summary of the proposed “budget trailer” bill released last night says that it “Limits data sharing to only that required by federal law.” But that’s not true. “Compliance” with the REAL-ID by California or any other state is optional, not required. Neither the Federal REAL-ID Act nor any other Federal law requires, or could require, California or any other state to share any data with AAMVA, a private nonprofit corporation.

As we pointed out in our earlier testimony on the budget proposal,  California has a choice. The state could and should say “No” to premature capitulation to DHS threats.

The Legislature should reject this “compromise” sell-out. Instead, the state, through its Attorney General, could and should prepare to defend Californians against any interference by the DHS or Transportation Security Administration (TSA) with our right to travel.

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