小阴茎规则
Small Penis Rule

原始链接: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_penis_rule

“小阴茎法则”是一种非正式的法律策略,作者常以此来避免在创作以现实人物为原型的虚构角色时遭到诽谤起诉。该理论认为,通过描写角色拥有较小的阴茎,作者可以阻吓现实中的原型人物提起诉讼;因为如果对方声称该角色影射了自己,就等于在公开场合承认了这一羞辱性的身体特征也适用于本人。 尽管这一法则广为人知,但迈克尔·康克林(Michael Conklin)教授等法律学者认为,从法律技术层面来看,该策略并不奏效。他们指出,这种描写本身就可能构成诽谤,且原告无需承认该特征即可证明自己受到了损害。此外,这种策略甚至可能成为作者蓄意嘲讽或诽谤他人的证据。 该法则曾在多起现实争议中被提及,最著名的案例包括迈克尔·克莱顿(Michael Crichton)与记者迈克尔·克劳利(Michael Crowley)之间的纠纷,以及英国犯罪小说家彼得·詹姆斯(Peter James)的作品。归根结底,该策略真正的威力不在于其法律效力,而在于利用公开羞辱所产生的心理震慑作用。

“小阴茎规则”(Small Penis Rule)是一种社会工程学策略,而非正式的法律辩护手段。该规则认为,如果作者或发言者在虚构角色中加入某种令人羞愧或贬损的细节(例如“小阴茎”),被嘲讽的对象通常会因为担心引发诽谤诉讼后的负面影响而放弃起诉。 其逻辑在于:一旦提起诉讼,原告就等同于“确认”了自己与该角色的对应关系,从而在公众面前将自己与这一羞耻特征联系在一起。例如,如果某位公众人物针对一个被描述为“小阴茎”的角色提起诉讼,他们实际上是在邀请公众讨论该描述是否属实。 虽然该规则并非万无一失的法律屏障,也不能取代实际的法律辩护,但它通过利用当事人对公众嘲笑的恐惧,起到了一种威慑作用。Hacker News 上的讨论指出,尽管这一概念常在戏仿和诽谤的语境下被提及,但其本质是通过操纵社会认知来完全规避冲突。类似的策略也出现在遗产规划中,人们会在遗嘱中加入特定的古怪条款,以阻吓家庭成员对其提出异议。
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原文

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Strategy used to evade libel lawsuits

The small penis rule is an informal strategy used by authors to evade libel lawsuits. It was described in a New York Times article by Dinitia Smith in 1998:

"For a fictional portrait to be actionable, it must be so accurate that a reader of the book would have no problem linking the two," said Mr. Friedman. Thus, he continued, libel lawyers have what is known as "the small penis rule". One way authors can protect themselves from libel suits is to say that a character has a small penis, Mr. Friedman said. "Now no male is going to come forward and say, 'That character with a very small penis, that's me!'"[1]

In Nebraska Law Review: Bulletin, Professor Michael Conklin writes that the use of the small penis rule would be ineffective to defend against defamation lawsuits. The reasons given are that the statement that a person has a small penis can be taken as defamatory in itself; the use of the rule is effectively an admission that defamation did occur; and the libelled person need not necessarily admit to having a small penis in order to claim damages. Conklin argues that its effectiveness is that the potential humiliation of being associated with a character with a small penis may deter legal action from being initiated.[2][3]

Examples

The small penis rule was referenced in a 2006 dispute between American journalist Michael Crowley and American author Michael Crichton. Crowley alleged that after he wrote an unflattering review of Crichton's novel State of Fear, Crichton included a character named "Mick Crowley" in the novel Next. The character is a child rapist, described as being a Washington, D.C.–based journalist and Yale graduate with a small penis.[4]

In response to being snubbed by fellow writer and former classmate Martin Amis, British crime writer Peter James included in his novel Not Dead Yet a villainous character named Amis Smallbone. In the novel, Smallbone's penis is mocked by a prostitute, who refers to it as "like a tiny little pencil stub".[5] The television show QI, while discussing the small penis rule, cited Amis Smallbone as an example.[6]

See also

References

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