Let’s start with how eglot is initialized. I use Elpaca and use-package to manage the configuration, ensuring it doesn’t download an external package since it is built-in (:ensure nil). Then I add some hooks to automatically start the language server for certain modes.

(use-package eglot
  :ensure nil
  :hook ((scala-ts-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (sh-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (markdown-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (markdown-ts-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (nix-ts-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (html-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (css-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (css-ts-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (html-ts-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (js-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (js-ts-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (kotlin-ts-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (yaml-mode . eglot-ensure)
         (yaml-ts-mode . eglot-ensure)
                  (before-save . eglot-format-buffer))
      )

• Eglot-Ensure Everywhere: I hook eglot-ensure into almost every programming mode I use, adapting both classic modes and modern Tree-sitter (*-ts-mode) alternatives.
• Auto-Formatting: Adding eglot-format-buffer to before-save guarantees code style compliance automatically every time a file hits the disk.

My keybindings are nested under the C-c i prefix, keeping them memorable and consistent across languages. The mnemonic keyword is “IDE” .

:bind (("C-c i i" . eglot-find-implementation)
       ("C-c i e" . eglot)
       ("C-c i k" . eglot-shutdown-all)
       ("C-c i r" . eglot-rename)
       ("C-c i x" . eglot-reconnect)
       ("C-c i a" . eglot-code-actions)
       ("C-c i m" . eglot-menu)
       ("C-c i f" . eglot-format-buffer)
       ("C-c i h" . eglot-inlay-hints-mode))
:init
(setq eglot-autoshutdown t
      eglot-confirm-server-edits nil
      eglot-report-progress t
      eglot-extend-to-xref t
      eglot-sync-connect 1
      eglot-connect-timeout 60
      eglot-autoreconnect t)

Then with these :init settings:

• eglot-autoshutdown cleans up language server processes as soon as the last buffer managed by them is killed.
• eglot-extend-to-xref allows Emacs’ cross-referencing commands to smoothly transition into external library files outside your workspace directory.

Under the :config block, we begin optimizing specific language servers. For instance, removing default configurations before re-adding custom entries prevents collisions.

:config
(setopt eglot-code-action-indications nil) 
(setq eglot-server-programs (assq-delete-all 'scala-mode eglot-server-programs))
(setq eglot-server-programs (assq-delete-all 'scala-ts-mode eglot-server-programs))
(setq eglot-server-programs (assoc-delete-all 'scala-ts-mode eglot-server-programs))

(add-to-list 'eglot-server-programs `(scala-ts-mode . ("metals"
                                                       "-Xmx4G"
                                                       "-XX:+UseZGC"
                                                       "-Dmetals.http=true"
                                                       :initializationOptions (:isHttpEnabled t))))

(setq eglot-server-programs (assoc-delete-all 'kotlin-ts-mode eglot-server-programs))
(add-to-list 'eglot-server-programs '(kotlin-ts-mode . ("intellij-server" "--stdio")))

Why these changes?

• Scala (Metals): I pass specific JVM tuning flags directly to Metals (allocating a comfortable 4GB heap and utilizing the Z Garbage Collector for minimal latency). Also, enabling Metals HTTP communication via initialization options lets us hook into specialized UI features if needed.
• Kotlin: I swap out standard options for the IntelliJ-backed Kotlin Language Server (intellij-server --stdio).

eglot-workspace-configuration lets you pass customized variables downstream to your language servers. This section of my configuration acts like a universal settings.json:

(setq-default eglot-workspace-configuration
              '(
                :metals ( :autoImportBuild "all"
                          :isHttpEnabled t
                          :superMethodLensesEnabled t
                          :showInferredType t
                          :enableSemanticHighlighting t
                          :inlayHints ( :inferredTypes (:enable t )
                                        :implicitArguments (:enable nil)
                                        :implicitConversions (:enable nil )
                                        :typeParameters (:enable t )
                                        :hintsInPatternMatch (:enable nil ))
                          :bloopJvmProperties ["-Xmx4G"])
                :haskell (:formattingProvider "ormolu")
                :typescript (:format (:baseIndentSize 0
                                                      :convertTabsToSpaces t
                                                      :indentSize 2
                                                      :semicolons "remove"
                                                      :tabSize 2))
                :javascript (:format (:baseIndentSize 0
                                                      :convertTabsToSpaces t
                                                      :indentSize 2
                                                      :semicolons "remove"
                                                      :tabSize 2))
                :rust-analyzer (:check (:command "clippy")
                                       :cargo (:sysroot "discover"
                                                        :features "all"
                                                        :buildScripts (:enable t))
                                       :diagnostics (:disabled ["macro-error"])
                                       :procMacro (:enable t))

                :yaml ( :format (:enable t)
                        :validate t
                        :hover t
                        :completion t
                        :schemas (
                                  https://codeberg.org/jjba23/pop-test/raw/branch/trunk/resources/json-schema/pop-test.json ["golden-test.yaml" "golden-test.yml" "pop-test.yaml" "pop-test.yml"]
                                  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Vandebron/gh-mpyl/refs/heads/main/src/mpyl/schema/project.schema.yml ["project.yml"]
                                  https://json.schemastore.org/yamllint.json ["/*.yml"])
                        :schemaStore (:enable t))
                :nil (:formatting (:command ["nixfmt"]))))

Notable Configurations here:

• Metals: Granular inlay hints are activated specifically for inferred types and type parameters while muting implicit conversions to keep buffers readable. (more options here: https://scalameta.org/metals/docs/editors/user-configuration/)
• YAML Schema Mapping: Maps distinct internet-hosted JSON schemas straight to patterns of YAML files automatically.

This is where things get interesting. Sometimes servers violate standard LSP expectations, requiring custom Emacs Lisp logic to bridge the gap.

By default, eldoc can easily get flooded by different feedback mechanisms. This block prioritizes structural code diagnostics over generic hover data:

(add-hook 'eglot-managed-mode-hook
          (lambda ()
                        (setq eldoc-documentation-functions
                  (cons #'flymake-eldoc-function
                        (remove #'flymake-eldoc-function eldoc-documentation-functions)))
                        (setq eldoc-documentation-strategy #'eldoc-documentation-compose)))

When traversing into a dependency library using Kotlin, the server returns file references formatted as jar:///path/to/library.jar!/File.kt. Emacs can’t resolve this scheme directly out of the box, throwing errors when you try to jump to definition.

By wrapping Eglot’s URI translators with advice, we can map this custom scheme into something Emacs understands (especially alongside companion extensions like jarchive):

(defun heks/eglot-uri-to-path-kotlin (orig-fn uri &rest args)
  (if (and (stringp uri) (string-prefix-p "jar:///" uri))
      (apply orig-fn (replace-regexp-in-string "^jar:///" "jar:file:///" uri) args)
    (apply orig-fn uri args)))

(defun heks/eglot-path-to-uri-kotlin (orig-fn path &rest args)
  (if (and (stringp path) (string-prefix-p "jar:file:///" path))
      (replace-regexp-in-string "^jar:file:///" "jar:///" path)
    (apply orig-fn path args)))

(if (fboundp 'eglot-uri-to-path)
    (progn
      (advice-add 'eglot-uri-to-path :around #'heks/eglot-uri-to-path-kotlin)
      (advice-add 'eglot-path-to-uri :around #'heks/eglot-path-to-uri-kotlin))
  (progn
    (advice-add 'eglot--uri-to-path :around #'heks/eglot-uri-to-path-kotlin)
    (advice-add 'eglot--path-to-uri :around #'heks/eglot-path-to-uri-kotlin)))

A notorious issue in certain Kotlin LSP releases occurs during auto-completion. The server reports matching candidates, but mistakenly attaches a textEdit field containing an empty string (newText: ""). This causes Eglot to wipe out the word you are completing entirely.

To solve this, I intercept the incoming JSON-RPC response payloads, both synchronous and asynchronous. If a Kotlin completion candidate returns an empty string edit, we strip the `textEdit` attribute completely, forcing Eglot to fall back gracefully to standard prefix matching.

(defun my-jsonrpc-request-kotlin-fix (orig-fn connection method params &rest args)
  "Fix kotlin-lsp empty newText bug by removing textEdit to trigger Eglot fallback."
  (let ((result (apply orig-fn connection method params args)))
    (when (and (eq method :textDocument/completion)
               (derived-mode-p 'kotlin-mode 'kotlin-ts-mode)
               result)
      (let ((items (if (vectorp result) result (plist-get result :items))))
        (seq-do (lambda (item)
                  (let ((text-edit (plist-get item :textEdit)))
                                                            (when (and text-edit (equal (plist-get text-edit :newText) ""))
                      (plist-put item :textEdit nil))))
                items)))
    result))

(defun my-jsonrpc-async-request-kotlin-fix (orig-fn connection method params &rest args)
  "Fix kotlin-lsp empty newText bug in asynchronous Eglot requests."
  (if (and (eq method :textDocument/completion)
           (derived-mode-p 'kotlin-mode 'kotlin-ts-mode))
      (let* ((orig-success (plist-get args :success-fn))
             (new-success (lambda (result)
                            (let ((items (if (vectorp result) result (plist-get result :items))))
                              (seq-do (lambda (item)
                                        (let ((text-edit (plist-get item :textEdit)))
                                          (when (and text-edit (equal (plist-get text-edit :newText) ""))
                                            (plist-put item :textEdit nil))))
                                      items))
                            (funcall orig-success result)))
             (new-args (plist-put (copy-sequence args) :success-fn new-success)))
        (apply orig-fn connection method params new-args))
    (apply orig-fn connection method params args)))

(advice-add 'jsonrpc-request :around #'my-jsonrpc-request-kotlin-fix)
(advice-add 'jsonrpc-async-request :around #'my-jsonrpc-async-request-kotlin-fix)

Scala Metals aggressively forces full buffer semantic token refreshes. In large projects, this results in visual layout flickering and unnecessary CPU strain. Disabling this also can solve some startup issues for Metals.

(defun my/eglot-disable-metals-semantic-refresh (orig-fn server)
  (let* ((caps (funcall orig-fn server))
         (workspace (plist-get caps :workspace))
         (tokens (plist-get workspace :semanticTokens)))
    (when tokens
      (plist-put tokens :refreshSupport :json-false))
    caps))

(advice-add 'eglot-client-capabilities :around #'my/eglot-disable-metals-semantic-refresh)

To complete the setup, I load complementary minor modes outside of Eglot’s core file, ensuring smooth operations for Java and deep navigation for packed jars:

(use-package eglot-java
  :ensure t
  :after (eglot)
  :hook ((java-mode . eglot-java-mode)
         (java-ts-mode . eglot-java-mode)))

(use-package jarchive
  :ensure t
  :config
  (jarchive-mode))

• eglot-java: Provisions proper workspace configurations specifically for Eclipse JDT LS seamlessly.
• jarchive: Works harmoniously alongside the Kotlin JAR-URI translation hack, opening zipped up source containers into regular, viewable Emacs buffers.

I generally don’t use the “global” system wide JDK installation, but I use isolated development reproducible shells with Nix flakes.

I’ll eventually probably move to using Guix, but for now package availability isn’t quite there for JVM world so Nix it is.

This way you can easily work on the same machine with many environments and projects (e.g. different Java versions) and no need for SDKMan or version managers, but clean isolated per-project reproducible builds.

So I create a flake.nix and add it to Git.

Kotlin development flake (TODO intellij-server via Nix):

{
  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
    systems.url = "github:nix-systems/default";
  };
  outputs = { systems, nixpkgs, ... }:
    let
      eachSystem = f:
        nixpkgs.lib.genAttrs (import systems)
        (system: f nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system});
    in {
      devShells = eachSystem (pkgs: {
        default = pkgs.mkShell {
          buildInputs = with pkgs; [
            ktfmt
            ktlint
            kotlin
            jdk25
            nil
            just
            yaml-language-server
          ];
        };
      });
    };
}

Scala development flake.

{
  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
    systems.url = "github:nix-systems/default";
  };
  outputs = { systems, nixpkgs, ... }:
    let
      eachSystem = f:
        nixpkgs.lib.genAttrs (import systems)
        (system: f nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system});
    in {
      devShells = eachSystem (pkgs: {
        default = pkgs.mkShell {
          buildInputs = with pkgs; [
            scala_2_13
            jdk25
            metals
            sbt
            scalafmt
            scalafix
            scala-cli
            yaml-language-server
            coursier
          ];
        };
      });
    };
}

Then I load the flake with direnv so I create a .envrc file .

use flake

This way and inside Emacs I can use emacs-direnv to dynamically switch contexts inside Emacs LSPs and have even multiple running.

I also plug direnv into my Bash shell configurations and thus complete the development environment.

Eglot’s minimal, built-in design doesn’t mean you have to settle for sub-par language server behavior. After all, you are using Emacs, so the power is infinite!

By intercepting communication at the JSON-RPC level via advice-add, you can tailor client-server behaviors exactly to your liking.

Happy hacking! ✨