为什么 AI 生成的垃圾宣传有效
Why AI-generated slopaganda works

原始链接: https://www.machinesociety.ai/p/why-ai-generated-slopaganda-works

在劳动节周末期间,唐纳德·特朗普在“真实社交”(Truth Social)平台上分享了一系列由人工智能生成的图像。这些图像描绘了他处于各种虚构场景中,内容从攻击加拿大总理到获得名人批评者的背书不等。虽然这些图像很容易被视为网络恶作剧,但它们代表了宣传手段的一种危险演变。 研究表明,人工智能生成的图像在操纵公众舆论方面极其有效,即使观众知道内容是虚假的也无济于事。由于这些视觉信息绕过了人们的理性思考,它们会植入难以消除的持久印象。此外,研究显示,深度伪造(deepfakes)图像往往比真实面孔更容易被信任,且频繁使用人工智能的用户往往会对自身识别虚假信息的能力产生过度自信。 尽管人工智能的劝说能力强大到足以瓦解阴谋论或将个人从邪教般的幻想中拉回,但这种社会化应用缺乏可行的商业模式。因此,这项技术更有可能因其操控能力而被滥用,这对真相和民主对话构成了严峻挑战。

这篇 Hacker News 的讨论聚焦于人工智能生成内容在传播虚假信息(通常被称为“垃圾宣传”)方面的效力。 参与者讨论了为何此类内容依然有效,一些人认为人类优先考虑的是部落认同和多巴胺刺激,而非事实准确性。另一些人则认为,人工智能生成的媒体与历史上的讽刺漫画类似,是表达情感而非追求客观真理的工具。 对原文的批评指出其缺乏深度,一些用户质疑文中关于人工智能感知可信度的主张是否严谨。然而,也有人引用了同行评审的研究,例如来自兰卡斯特大学和斯坦福大学的研究,指出人工智能生成的面孔确实会被认为比真实人脸更可信。这场对话凸显了对“垃圾科学”的不屑与认为人工智能操纵人类认知的能力已成现实隐忧的经验证据之间的矛盾,无论其背后是否存在复杂的战略意图。
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原文

SICILY, ITALY (SEPTEMBER 8, 2026) — President Trump posted a series of ridiculous AI slop photos on Truth Social over the Labor Day weekend. A few show Trump assaulting the Prime Minister of Canada during a hockey game (he can’t play hockey). Others show celebrity critics like Robert De Niro appearing to support Trump (they don’t). And he’s depicted in various kinds of military uniforms (he dodged the draft to avoid military service).

He’s posted this kind of “slopaganda” in the past.

As comedian Dave Chappelle said during an SNL monologue on November 12, 2016, “We’ve actually elected an internet troll as our President.”

But while these AI-generated antics can be passed off as mere trolling, or evidence of mental illness, the reality is that this kind of thing is dangerous propaganda. And the most dangerous thing about it is that, according to emerging science, it works (and therefore is likely to be increasingly emulated).

Research shows that AI-generated images still shift people’s beliefs even when the images are labeled as AI-made or known to depict something false, because the effect operates below the threshold of conscious reasoning. And once a false image plants a belief, corrections rarely erase it fully; the original impression lingers and keeps shaping how people think.

In general, AI chatbots and AI-generated imagery are extremely effective at manipulating opinion.

Here are the conclusions of recent studies on the propaganda powers of AI:

  • AI-generated faces and deepfakes are rated more trustworthy than human faces.

  • The longer someone uses AI, the less able they are at identifying fake news as such and the more confident they become in their own ability to spot fake news.

  • Chatbots can also “seduce” users, making many users believe they have formed an intimate relationship, and that the chatbot likes or loves them, and is counting on them.

  • And, finally, AI chatbots are far better than people at persuading others on political opinions. AI chatbots do this by generating rational, evidence-based arguments at very high speeds. They can convince people to accept, or reject, conspiracy theories, depending on how they are used.

And that’s the good news. If used correctly, AI chatbots can convince people to stop subscribing to baseless conspiracy theories, and theoretically even deprogram those in the grip of cult-induced delusions.

The only problem is that this extremely beneficial use for AI’s powers of persuasion lacks a business model.

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