显示 HN:阿波罗登月舱着陆模拟器
Show HN: Apollo Lunar Module landing simulation

原始链接: https://gosandeep.com/eagles-descent/

登月舱(LM)通过两扇三角形的斜角窗,为宇航员提供了观测月球表面的战略视野。为确保安全着陆,指令长会使用着陆点指示器(LPD),即刻印在玻璃上的一组网格标记。通过将这些标记与制导计算机提供的数值数据(名词 64)相结合,指令长便能确定登月舱的预计着陆点。如果地形看起来不适合着陆(例如有危险的陨石坑),指令长会使用手控器手动调整飞行轨迹。 在最后下降阶段,宇航员主要依赖视觉线索:即登月舱不断前移的阴影(用以指示与地表的距离)以及 LPD 刻度。在本模拟中,可选的目标环作为教学辅助工具,用以直观显示计算机计算出的着陆点。然而,飞行员必须警惕在 100 英尺高度以下时引擎扬起的月尘。在此阶段,视野可能会变得模糊,需要飞行员将注意力从舷窗转移到驾驶舱仪表上,以完成安全着陆。

开发者“gosandeep”发布了一个基于网页的阿波罗登月舱下降过程模拟器。该项目重点呈现了着陆的三个关键阶段:制动(P63)、进场(P64)和最终着陆(P66)。 该模拟器专为航天爱好者设计,在保持历史技术准确性的同时兼顾了易用性,让用户能够体验到实现软着陆所需的手动姿态和推力控制挑战。开发者创建该项目旨在分享他们对登月舱设计及其早期探月者经历的痴迷。 该模拟器目前针对桌面端进行了优化,需使用键盘操作。您可以前往 [gosandeep.com](https://gosandeep.com) 体验该项目。
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原文

The LM featured two small, triangular forward windows for the crew. Installed obliquely, the windows gave a downward view of about 65 degrees and an outboard view of 80 degrees. The commander’s window featured etched grid markings (the Landing Point Designator or LPD) that let them align their descent trajectory with pre-planned targets on the lunar surface.

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LANDING POINT DESIGNATOR (LPD) — this consisted of two etched lines on the window glass, used to fix the landing point of the LM based on the current trajectory. The guidance computer showed a value on the DSKY (Noun 64), which the pilot read out to the commander, who then looked out through the window and used that reading against the graduated LPD scale to see the exact point the computer was steering to. If that patch looked bad, he would use the hand controller to steer away, and the DSKY would relay an updated reading. In this simulation, you will additionally see an amber pointer and ring where the value read against the scale crosses the centre line, marking the target landing point.

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CRATERS — dark bowls with bright rims. The shadowed near wall shows their depth. Avoid them when choosing a site.

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TARGET RING — the computer’s target landing point, projected on the ground. Hold SPACE and tap the arrow keys to move it. This is visible during P64 only, and is intended to be a teaching aid. The Apollo astronauts actually used only the LPD scale.

SHADOW — the LM’s shadow, thrown ahead by the low sun behind you. It slides toward you as you descend and meets the craft at touchdown.

DUST — blown up by the engine below about 100 ft. It may obscure the view, so fly the last seconds using the instruments.

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