伊丽莎白·霍姆斯纪录片《你能看到一切》如何在欺骗你
The Elizabeth Holmes documentary “You Can See Everything” is deceiving

原始链接: https://www.readtheprofile.com/p/elizabeth-holmes-documentary-you-can-see-everything

作者表示,新纪录片《You Can See Everything》与其说关于霍尔姆斯,不如说关于叙事与操纵。观众期待的是一个欺骗叙事,但影片通过取景、镜头角度、剪辑以及信息揭露的顺序来欺骗观众。作者指出,霍尔姆斯在患者欺诈指控中被无罪释放,但在误导投资者方面被判有罪,这凸显了社会对细微差别的厌恶。引用佳能照片实验,文章认为感知是由叙事者塑造的。导演兰斯·奥本海姆和内森·菲尔德反复改变观众看待霍尔姆斯、她丈夫以及菲尔德本人的方式,引发情绪反应和重新思考。纪录片表明,人们往往先形成情绪印象,再寻找支持事实,这使得操纵变得容易。最终,它既是心理操纵的解释,也是其身临其境的例证。

这个 Hacker News 帖子讨论一篇评论,认为内森·菲尔德的纪录片《你能看见一切》对伊丽莎白·霍姆斯的描写具有欺骗性。评论者争论这部电影是否揭示了任何关于霍姆斯(她因欺诈投资者被定罪)的新信息,还是主要展示纪录片如何操纵观众。一些人认为霍姆斯是深思熟虑且有自我意识的;另一些人认为她妄想或缺乏自我意识。帖子还涉及菲尔德的元叙事、行为艺术风格、剧透担忧和观众反应。多位评论者指出,纪录片是由剪辑、构图和音乐塑造的叙事,并且观众常常把它们误认为客观现实。其他人讨论霍姆斯对患者的影响、Theranos 欺诈细节,以及与其他骗子的比较。总体而言,反应褒贬不一:有些人觉得这部电影烧脑且发人深省,而另一些人认为在案件已有充分记录的情况下,它具有操纵性或没有必要。
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原文

Holy freaking cow.

I saw the new Elizabeth Holmes documentary, You Can See Everything, last night, and I genuinely can’t type fast enough to express how mind-bending it was.

I’ve seen a lot of chatter online about whether Elizabeth Holmes is a liar, whether she deserves to be in prison for her failed startup Theranos, and whether the documentary is too sympathetic to her.

But that’s not even remotely close to what I took away from it. As we walked out, my husband asked me, “So what did you think?” And I just responded with, “Forget Elizabeth Holmes. That was a masterpiece in storytelling.”

I walked in expecting that the filmmakers were going to tell us a story about deception. What I did not expect is that they were deceiving us — the viewers — in real time.

An entire theater full of grown adults was falling for it. At one point, people were shouting so loudly at the screen that I couldn’t hear the dialogue. I heard a woman yell, “Criminal!” — and it wasn’t directed at Elizabeth Holmes. I’ve never experienced anything like that in a movie theater. It was emotion, and it was visceral.

What makes the documentary so brilliant is that it forces you to confront how much of what you believe about another person comes how their story has been told to you. And we are so so susceptible to this that it’s scary.

Think about Elizabeth Holmes. How much of your opinion of her comes from the facts of her criminal case & how much comes from the images and/or videos and/or TV dramas you’ve seen over the years? I remember one Halloween when the Theranos scandal was at its peak, it seemed like everyone was dressed in a black turtleneck carrying tiny vials of fake blood. Holmes was everywhere.

But the thing that often gets lost in the retelling of her story is that Holmes was actually acquitted of all four charges related to defrauding patients. She’s in prison because a jury found that she knowingly misled investors who poured more than $700 million into the startup. That’s a significant distinction, but as a society, we don’t love nuance. Just tell us — is she good or is she bad? Is she a liar or is she not?

I recently wrote about a fascinating experiment Canon conducted in 2015. Six photographers were asked to photograph the same man in the same location. The twist was that each photographer was given a different description of him: a millionaire, a convict, a fisherman, an alcoholic, a psychic, and a lifesaver.

The resulting portraits were wildly different.

A Canon rep said, “A photograph is shaped more by the person behind the camera than by what’s in front of it.”

Now imagine that principle applied to an entire three-hour documentary.

Over the course of the film, directors Lance Oppenheim and Nathan Fielder managed to make a theater full of people with fully developed pre-frontal cortexes repeatedly reconsider what they believed about the people on screen. They did it through camera angles, close-ups, editing, and the order in which information was revealed.

The framing of Elizabeth and those around her changed little by little until it became obvious, and as soon as our brains detected a narrative shift, our feelings about it followed. It was like watching a magic show … or one continuous reality TV show in which someone gets the villain edit, the victim edit, the manipulator edit, and all of us just falling for it again and again.

We like to believe that we form our opinions by gathering evidence, weighing facts, and arriving at reasonable conclusions. Be for real. No we do not. Here’s how it actually goes: We form an emotional impression first, then we build a belief around it, and then we go looking for facts that support it. This is my theory as to why we’re so divided in this country. Beliefs built on emotion are nearly impossible to reason with.

The psychology behind the film’s manipulation should be studied. First, a close-up shot of an unblinking Elizabeth Holmes: She’s sinister. Then, a wider shot of her bouncing her baby: Wait a second, she’s a mom, she’s human! Then, her husband’s painstakingly long pause: Wait, is he the puppeteer? Then, a smile! “No, no, that can’t be genuine.”

And then there’s Fielder himself, who moved in with the couple for a whole month before Holmes headed to prison. How reliable of a narrator is he? Does he care a bit too much for Elizabeth that he’s willing to lie to the viewer? How much can we trust his perception of events?

I’m telling you, it’'ll break your brain.

You Can See Everything does a good job explaining the phenomenon of psychological manipulation, but it also makes you participate in it. It evokes emotion, and all of the greatest pieces of art evoke emotion.

You sit there believing you’re watching a documentary about a woman who deceived the world, only to discover that you’re also watching a demonstration of how easy it is to deceive you.

(This was really hard to write without giving away any spoilers, but watch the film, and let me know what you think!)

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