投资者所有制公用事业公司比公共提供商多收23%的电费

投资者所有制公用事业公司比公共提供商多收23%的电费
Investor-owned utilities charge 23% more for electricity than public providers

原始链接: https://www.kadoa.com/energy-prices/insights/investor-owned-utilities

2025年，投资者所有制电力公司的居民电价平均为17.8美分/千瓦时，公共电力公司为14.5美分，合作社为14.1美分。自2020年以来，投资者所有制电价上涨34%，公共和合作社电价上涨19%，而通胀为24%。扣除通胀后，投资者所有制实际电价上涨7.9%，公共/合作社实际电价下降4.3%。差距主要在2020–2023年能源价格飙升期间拉开（投资者所有制+25%对比非营利性电力公司+11%）；除此之外增长相似。投资者所有制电价在48个州中的38个上涨更快。2025年月账单为146美元（投资者所有制）、130美元（公共）和159美元（合作社），合作社最高因用电量更大。价格分布差异：67%的投资者所有制家庭支付12–20美分，11%支付30美分以上，而61%的公共和52%的合作社家庭支付低于14美分。排除从零售供应商购电的家庭会低估投资者所有制增长；包括它们，这些线路电价上涨36%。数据反映支付情况，而非原因；投资者所有制电力公司赚取股东回报，而非营利性电力公司则不。

Hacker News 上的一篇讨论围绕一份报告展开：投资者所有的公用事业公司比公共提供者收取的电力价格高 23%。评论者争论这一比较是否充分考虑了税收、资本成本、能源结构、补贴和地方法规。一些人认为服务公众的自然垄断企业不应以利润为导向，引用公用事业利润、高管奖金和私有化后的成本上升。另一些人质疑这一比较，并强调公共提供者也可能面临低效或政治压力。该讨论还指出，美国电力仍然比欧盟平均价格便宜。

In 2025, homes paid 17.8¢ a kilowatt-hour at investor-owned utilities, 14.5¢ at public utilities and 14.1¢ at co-ops. Since 2020, investor-owned prices rose 34% and public ones 19%, against 24% inflation.

Average home price by utility owner

Change since 2020 against inflation, or cents per kilowatt-hour since 2015.

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Investor-ownedPublicCo-opInflation

Year	Investor-owned	Public	Co-op	Inflation since 2020	Investor-owned, monthly bill	Public, monthly bill	Co-op, monthly bill
2025	17.8¢ +34%	14.5¢ +19%	14.1¢ +19%	+24%	$146	$130	$159
2024	16.9¢ +28%	13.9¢ +14%	13.5¢ +14%	+21%	$137	$125	$149
2023	16.6¢ +25%	13.4¢ +10%	13.2¢ +12%	+18%	$133	$120	$145
2022	15.4¢ +17%	13.3¢ +9.4%	13.1¢ +11%	+13%	$130	$124	$150
2021	13.9¢ +5.1%	12.4¢ +1.8%	12.1¢ +2.2%	+4.7%	$116	$113	$136
2020	13.3¢	12.2¢	11.8¢	–	$111	$112	$133
2019	13.1¢	12.0¢	11.9¢	–	$109	$109	$136
2018	13.1¢	12.0¢	11.8¢	–	$111	$112	$139
2017	13.3¢	11.8¢	11.9¢	–	$106	$106	$130
2016	12.9¢	11.6¢	11.6¢	–	$107	$106	$131
2015	12.9¢	11.6¢	11.6¢	–	$108	$107	$133

Home prices in 2025

Share of homes by their utility's average price per kilowatt-hour, in 2-cent bands.

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Investor-owned 67% of homes paid 12 to 20 cents, and 11% paid 30 cents or more.

10¢20¢30¢+

Public 61% paid under 14 cents. The bump at the high end is LADWP and Long Island Power Authority, 13% of public homes.

10¢20¢30¢+

Co-op 52% paid under 14 cents.

10¢20¢30¢+

Price a kWh	Investor-owned	Public	Co-op
Under 10¢	0.1%	3.9%	1.2%
10 to 12¢	3.8%	13.2%	10.4%
12 to 14¢	13.9%	43.8%	40.0%
14 to 16¢	20.3%	12.7%	30.8%
16 to 18¢	20.0%	3.2%	11.7%
18 to 20¢	12.4%	6.5%	2.4%
20 to 22¢	9.1%	1.5%	1.0%
22 to 24¢	2.7%	0.9%	0.8%
24 to 26¢	3.4%	0.6%	0.9%
26 to 28¢	1.3%	13.3%	0.0%
28 to 30¢	1.6%	0.0%	0.0%
30¢ or more	11.4%	0.5%	0.6%

Price change by state, 2020 to 2025

Investor-owned prices rose faster than nonprofit (public and co-op) prices in 38 of the 48 states with both: investor-owned against nonprofit.

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Largest utilities, 2020 to 2025

Change in the average home price at utilities with 250,000 or more homes: investor-owned, public and co-op.

About the data

Public power is common where electricity is cheap, so we also compared utilities within each state. Investor-owned prices rose faster in 38 of 48 states.
Most of the gap opened from 2020 to 2023, during the energy price spike: 25% at investor-owned utilities, 11% at public utilities and co-ops. Before and since, both rose at about the same pace.
After inflation, investor-owned prices rose 7.9%. Public and co-op prices fell 4.3%.
Co-op homes have the highest bills, $159 a month in 2025, because they use the most power.
Homes that buy power from a retail supplier aren't in the investor-owned figures. Counting them, prices on investor-owned lines rose 36%.
Price is what homes paid divided by the kilowatt-hours they used, from EIA's yearly survey of utilities. Federal utilities and the smallest ones are left out.
The data shows what homes paid, not why. Investor-owned utilities earn a return for shareholders on what they build. Public utilities and co-ops have no shareholders. See the rate cases for increases utilities are asking for now.