有限单群分类在 Lean 中的形式化
Classification of Finite Simple Groups Formalized in Lean

原始链接: https://cfsg.axiommath.ai/

研究人员正在整理文献勘误,并已完成第一代有限单群分类证明的完整 Lean 形式化。该分类定理指出,每个有限单群要么是素数阶循环群,要么是交错群,要么是 Lie 型群,要么是 26 个散在群之一。他们的 Lean 证明用 Lean 的内核检查每一步逻辑。他们还报告在已发表的 Unbalanced Group Theorem 论证中发现一个问题,并在随附论文中描述了替代路线。该项目依托数百个源文献和众多贡献者,并提供交互式证明地图与在线仓库。规模指标包括 4310 万行 Lean 代码、205 万声明、715 篇论文和书籍,以及 108 个里程碑。

Hacker News 讨论了 Axiom 使用 AI 代理在多来源下将有限单群分类在 Lean 中形式化的工作,据报道达 4310 万行。评论者指出它验证了这个著名复杂证明,发现了至少一处缺陷/缺口并已修复,可能消除 lingering 疑虑。讨论还涵盖自动形式化数学教科书、连贯定义的挑战、重复定理表述,以及基于 LLM 的形式化是否产生可复用库。其他评论提到 Lean 的内核/可检查性、可能的 bug 和第二/第三代证明。部分评论辩论 HoTT 与 Lean/集合论基础,用户也反思抽象代数与 AI 在数学中的角色。总体上,该帖把这一形式化视为具有里程碑意义的大规模验证工作,对数学信任和未来 AI 辅助证明形式化有影响。
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原文

We are working with group theorists to compile the errata we found in the literature, and will publish them here.

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The classification of finite simple groups is one of the great collective achievements of mathematics. Its first-generation proof spans thousands of journal pages, written by about a hundred mathematicians over several decades. It shows that every finite simple group is cyclic of prime order, alternating, of Lie type, or one of 26 sporadic groups.

Here we present a complete formalization in Lean following the first-generation proof, with every logical step checked by Lean’s kernel. Along the way, we found an issue in a published argument for the Unbalanced Group Theorem. The accompanying paper explains the issue and the alternative route used in our proof. Our blog post tells the full story.

Lines of Lean
43.1M

Declarations
2.05M

Milestones
100

Papers and books
715

Core contributorsDean Cureton*†, Vasily Ilin†, Bhavik Mehta*†, Niels Voss†

Other contributorsRafael Cabral†, Colin Defant*, Erik Gregory†, Aaron Hill†, Letong Hong◇, Qinheping Hu†, Dustin Jamner†, Albert Jiang†, Tadeusz Jordan†, Andranik Kurghinyan†, Kenny Lau*†, Jonathan Laurent†, David Liang†, Jannis Limperg†, Simon Mahns†, Brian Nugent*, Connor Olson†, Ken Ono*, Eric Paul†, Dhruv Rajan†, Karun Ram†, Charlie Ray†, Ho Chung Siu†, Ashvin A. Swaminathan*†, Jesse Thorner*, Aleksey Tsaplin†, Chenkai Wang†

*Mathematical contributors†Engineering contributors◇Principal investigator

Cite this work

@misc{axiom-cfsg,
  author       = {Cureton, Dean and Ilin, Vasily and Mehta, Bhavik and Voss, Niels and Cabral, Rafael and Defant, Colin and Gregory, Erik and Hill, Aaron and Hong, Letong and Hu, Qinheping and Jamner, Dustin and Jiang, Albert and Jordan, Tadeusz and Kurghinyan, Andranik and Lau, Kenny and Laurent, Jonathan and Liang, David and Limperg, Jannis and Mahns, Simon and Nugent, Brian and Olson, Connor and Ono, Ken and Paul, Eric and Rajan, Dhruv and Ram, Karun and Ray, Charlie and Siu, Ho Chung and Swaminathan, Ashvin A. and Thorner, Jesse and Tsaplin, Aleksey and Wang, Chenkai},
  title        = {Lean formalization of the classification of finite simple groups},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/AxiomMath/CFSG}},
  note         = {Interactive proof map at \url{https://cfsg.axiommath.ai}}
}

This is the Agent Blueprint, the initial blueprint we gave the agents. For the Lean code itself, see the Lean Repo

The corpus 139 source works

18701950197019902026

Each block is a paper or book, sized by the statements it supplies. Hover to find its statements.

Milestones 108

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