采用 20 世纪 50 年代热电子阀构建的现代 8 位设计
A modern 8 bit design, built using 1950s thermionic valves

原始链接: https://www.valve.computer/

我的继子女是高级产品经理和特许工程师,拥有管理项目的专业知识。 然而,尽管由于数字工具的困难,我尝试自己使用笔和纸来处理“The Valve.Computer”项目,但我还是遇到了分层修改导致纸张体积庞大的问题。 我了解到最初的尝试通常会导致失败,但却为最终的成功铺平了道路。 该项目涉及许多复杂的部分,包括理解热电子阀等概念、设计印刷电路板 (PCB)、解释微代码、时钟和 ROM,最后运行软件。 为了简化、最小化子组件、采用更小的双三极管阀以及创建多层 PCB,是成功构建 Valve.Computer 的关键解决方案。 发生了两次爆炸,造成了轻微恐慌,但没有造成重大损失。 自始至终,有一个支持自己的妻子,接受自己的怪癖,给这段经历增添了乐趣。

简而言之,术语“冷启动”并不意味着在启动设备之前冷却组件。 相反,即使在管子仍然很热时通电,也称为“冷启动”。 电子由于电极之间的电势差而流动。 尽管电子管严重依赖热量,但只有一小部分用于移动电子。 然而,它们总体上非常浪费热量。 与管子不同,硅零件确实需要在其功能范围内加热。 例如,特定的集成电路可能在 -40°C 到 70°C 的温度范围内运行,这意味着它必须被加热。 相反,假设环境温度与最佳阴极温度匹配,真空管无需额外加热即可实现最佳性能。 物理学家欧文·理查森研究了热电子发射,这是热力学的基本概念,因此了解真空管至关重要。 虽然电子管在晶体管之前主导了电子设计,但它们在科学仪器、发射器和某些显示技术等专业领域仍然至关重要。 热电子发射遵循理查森定律。 在 20 世纪 70 年代末,“冷重启”、“热重启”、“冷启动”和“热启动”等短语专门与计算机相关。 这些概念可能表明真空管影响了早期的计算术语。 然而,证据表明事实并非如此。 即使是像用压缩二氧化碳射击真空管这样有趣的事实,也是几十年前实验室工程师们喜爱的技巧,这说明了他们尽管具有专业性,但也很有趣。
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原文
The Valve.Computer Project

 

My stepdaughter is a senior Product Manager and my stepson is a Chartered Engineer and he frequently works as a Project Manager. They would know how to manage this project. Luckily they are too successful and busy to ever read this, thank goodness!

I tried doing the project management on a PC but gave up, and instead used 3 coloured pens, A4 paper and self adhesive address labels to cover up my mistakes. I simply found it easier. The only problem I discovered is that the paper gets a bit thick after several layers of amendments, but the big advantage is that can always find your last version, it's simply the thickest.

The main thing I discovered over the year was that the first time I tried almost anything I failed, but the annoying experience often enabled future success.

I started by stabbing at various bits of the idea. Eventually I was able to define what I wanted to do. I now realise that this definition, was the most important part of the whole project management.

The program seemed to consist of many complex components, all of which I needed to understand, to be able to build the Valve.Computer.

How do thermionic valves work, how do you design a PCB, and how on earth do you get from a NOR gate, to a memory register, via microcodes from a clock and a ROM, to actually run software. And what exactly is a microcode anyway. At times, in fact most of the time, it all just seemed impossible.

The main solutions I found were, firstly to keep the number of unique sub systems to an absolute minimum, secondly to use double triode valves to halve the physical size, which also reduced the construction time, and thirdly, to design multi layer printed circuit boards to reduce the inevitable build errors and produce a robust construction.

 

So far it has only gone BANG twice. The first time I pulled out plugs like my life depended on it, and Judy cried, “Everything all right!”. The second time I only slightly panicked, and Judy continued to decorate the Christmas tree, but later bought me a surpise present, a fire extinguisher!

 

But most important of all, is to have a lovely wife, who knows you're daft as a brush, and that life together is brilliant.

 

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