“理所当然”:马斯克的星链突破了非洲的官僚主义和腐败
"A No Brainer": Musk's Starlink Breaks Through Bureaucracy And Corruption In Africa

原始链接: https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/no-brainer-musks-starlink-breaks-through-bureaucracy-and-corruption-africa

Starlink 是由埃隆·马斯克 (Elon Musk) 的 SpaceX 创建的一项突破性卫星互联网服务,尽管遭到腐败或独裁政权的反对,它正在改变非洲的互联网连接。 尽管迄今为止仅在七个非洲国家提供该服务,但埃塞俄比亚和加纳等国家已非正式采用该服务,因为其价格较低、速度更快且覆盖范围扩大。 即使是这些官方地区之外的公司也在采购并进口星链硬件。 尽管进步的非洲国家欣然接受这项创新,但其他国家却试图阻止它。 鉴于对经济实惠且快速的宽带连接的需求不断增长,非洲监管机构继续努力控制技术发展。 尽管 StarLink 套件的初始投资约为 550 美元,但非洲消费者平均每月的订阅费用比其他替代方案便宜约九倍。 这种价格差距为企业、政府机构、教育机构、商业中心和企业采用新技术创造了机会。 尽管如此,腐败仍然是一个障碍,官僚经常对私人电信服务过度征税,并实施复杂的程序来阻止竞争和维护现有的垄断。 然而,创新的解决方案试图通过各种方法来抵消这些策略。 例如,在南非,公司提供星链套餐,同时避免与监管机构直接接触。 虽然星链进入埃塞俄比亚和加纳等市场的速度较慢,但​​星链的卫星网络很可能很快就会覆盖地球上几乎所有有人居住的陆地。 随着星链在非洲不断扩展,越来越多的欠发达国家人民能够更容易地获得教育、医疗保健和金融工具,从而为可持续发展铺平道路。

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原文

Authored by Darren Taylor via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours),

Elon Musk’s revolutionary satellite internet service, Starlink, is spreading across Africa, flying in the face of repressive and corrupt regimes that are trying to block it.

Elon Musk’s cheaper, faster Starlink satellite internet service is growing in popularity in Africa, but some governments are still resisting it.

In some cases, African companies are "illegally" importing and selling the equipment to allow users to bypass expensive and often state-controlled internet service providers (ISPs), and to use the cheaper and faster connectivity provided by the world’s richest man.

Many Africans living in countries where authorities haven't yet granted regulatory licenses to Starlink, which is a division of SpaceX, are also accessing its services using signal-boosting equipment.

The signal boosters enable users to link to a SpaceX "ground station" in Nigeria, which in January became the first African country to grant regulatory approval to Starlink services.

"The tech revolution is happening at a pace that most African governments just cannot keep up with," said Arthur Goldstuck, founder and CEO of World Wide Worx, one of Africa’s leading tech firms.

"The genie is out the bottle. The sooner they realize that they can’t control the uncontrollable, the better for them and the better for their people," he said.

Mr. Goldstuck said Africa is the world’s fastest-growing, but most "technologically-starved," continent.

"Data is expensive in Africa, and you can’t progress in the modern world when data is expensive. So demand for well-priced and speedy connectivity has exploded. Musk is feeding this demand," he told The Epoch Times.

"Some governments don’t like this, because they want to control everything, and mostly they want to control money and information flows."

Starlink, operated by Mr. Musk’s SpaceX spacecraft manufacturer and satellite operator, has a constellation of thousands of satellites in low orbit, delivering the world’s "most advanced broadband internet system" to 60 countries, according to its website.

Mr. Goldstuck said "progressive" African governments that encourage private enterprise and respect its ability to help develop their countries have "no problem" with Starlink and recognize its value.

"It offers high-speed streaming, video calls, and remote working, all of which contribute a lot to economic efficiency," he said.

Officially, Starlink is available in only seven of Africa’s 54 countries: Benin, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Zambia. Another 25 are scheduled to go online in 2024.

Young Somali women look at a smartphone at Dadaab refugee complex, in the northeast of Kenya, on April 16, 2018. (Yasuyoshi Chiba/AFP via Getty Images)

"Look at where [the] powers-that-be are trying to prevent the entrance of Starlink: It’s war-torn countries like Sudan, Libya, and Somalia. It’s repressive regimes like Congo and Equatorial Guinea, that restrict access to information," Mr. Goldstuck said.

"And it’s governments that have vested interests in keeping data expensive, and that have unreasonable rules designed to benefit political elites, like South Africa."

Some African governments slap heavy taxes on private telecom services and infrastructure.

For decades, the data needed to access the internet in Africa has been controlled by just a few multinational mobile telecommunications corporations, including South Africa’s MTN Group and Vodacom, and Kenya’s Safaricom.

Their data packages are prohibitively expensive.

In July 2022, research by British technology company Cable, published in Mobile Magazine, showed that six of the 10 countries with the most expensive data are in sub-Saharan Africa.

In the tiny, mineral-rich kleptocracy of Equatorial Guinea in Central Africa, one gigabyte (GB) costs almost $50, the highest price for data in the world. In Chad, 1 GB costs $24.

Until Starlink’s recent arrival, 1 GB was priced at $26 in Malawi.

An August 2022 report by global statistics service Statista calculated the average cost of 1 GB of mobile data in sub-Saharan Africa at $4.47.

A one-time hardware and installation cost of Starlink kits, which contain a motorized satellite dish, assorted cables, a metal tripod stand, a power adapter, and a Wi-Fi router, is about the same everywhere: $550.

But basic monthly subscription prices in the developed world, compared with those in Africa, are very different.

In the United States, for example, Starlink’s monthly service fee is $110. In the African countries that officially have Starlink, the average price is about $45.

This $45 package allows users to download 1,000 GB of data, meaning 1GB costs Africans less than $0.50—nine times cheaper than the average in sub-Saharan Africa.

"This is a no-brainer," said Nigeria-born Makinde Adeagbo, a freelance software engineer who has worked at Facebook, Microsoft, and Pinterest, and is currently based in Silicon Valley.

"It’s no wonder African companies are coming up with all kinds of schemes to get access to Starlink," Mr. Adeagbo said.

"Because of the equipment cost, it’s too expensive at the moment for the vast majority of Africans to afford. But businesses, government departments, schools, shopping centers ... They sure can afford it."

Schoolchildren from Avrankou-Houeze school attend a class at City Hall in Avrankou, Benin, on Jan. 18, 2019. (Yanick Folly/AFP via Getty Images)

South Africa, the nation in which Mr. Musk was born, is potentially the continent’s most lucrative telecom market. It's also one of those trying to obstruct Starlink.

South Africa's ruling African National Congress has enacted the Electronic Communications Act, which requires all telecom firms operating in South Africa to be 30 percent owned by "groups and/or individuals historically disadvantaged" by apartheid.

In May, at a tech carnival in Johannesburg, Starlink Director of Sales Phillip van Essen was diplomatic when he addressed the question of why Starlink isn’t officially present in Africa’s most technologically advanced economy.

"We prioritize the countries that make it easy for us to do business there, open entities, and get regulatory approvals," he told reporters.

"We respect that every country has their own process. ... and we have a dedicated team that is focused on regulatory efforts globally, including South Africa. We're hopeful that we can resolve the issues and start service here soon."

Since then, however, the government—via its Independent Communications Authority of South Africa— (ICASA), has clamped down on companies offering Starlink packages in the country.

In June, IT-Lec, a firm selling internet access in South Africa’s remote Northern Cape province, imported more than 4,000 Starlink start-up kits.

"Because of its portability and ease-of-use—not to mention low cost and high speed—we saw the Starlink kit as ideal for our customers," Mauritz Coetzee, IT-Lec's managing director, told The Epoch Times.

"They stay in the most isolated, rural areas of South Africa, where they’re not able to get broadband connectivity because the established ISPs don’t operate where they live."

Mr. Coetzee said he didn’t "just blindly buy" thousands of Starlink kits.

"My legal advice was that I was completely within my rights to use Starlink’s international roaming service," he said.

IT-Lec was able to provide Starlink services for South Africans by purchasing a Starlink International roaming subscription in neighboring Mozambique, where Starlink is authorized to operate, and then selling the required equipment to clients.

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