SpaCy:Python中的工业级自然语言处理 (NLP)
SpaCy: Industrial-Strength Natural Language Processing (NLP) in Python

原始链接: https://github.com/explosion/spaCy

## spaCy:Python中的高级自然语言处理 spaCy是一个领先的开源库,用于Python和Cython中的高级自然语言处理(NLP),专为生产环境设计。它支持超过70种语言,并提供用于分词、词性标注、命名实体识别和文本分类等任务的预训练流水线。 主要特性包括最先进的速度、神经网络模型以及与BERT等Transformer的集成,用于多任务学习。spaCy提供强大的训练系统、简便的模型部署以及与PyTorch和TensorFlow等框架构建的自定义组件和模型的扩展性。 资源包括全面的文档、教程、VS Code扩展以及活跃的社区。安装通过pip或conda非常简单,模型可以作为Python包下载。spaCy优先考虑准确性、可维护性和简化的工作流程,并为定制NLP解决方案提供咨询服务。

## LLM 时代 SpaCy 的总结 一则 Hacker News 讨论围绕着传统 NLP 库(如 SpaCy)在大型语言模型 (LLM) 面前的持续相关性。虽然 LLM 在语义嵌入和命名实体识别等任务中表现出色,但一些用户认为传统方法仍然有价值。 具体来说,人们对 LLM 在处理主观答案或可能性较多的任务时的一致性表示担忧,一位用户发现判别模型(如使用 TFIDF 的逻辑回归)在文本分类方面更可靠且易于调试。也有人建议仅编码器的 LLM 作为特定任务的经济高效替代方案。 SpaCy 因其速度、出色的 API 和易用性而受到赞扬——尤其是在词性标注和为 LLM 预处理文本等任务方面。一些人注意到 SpaCy 的开发似乎有所放缓,但另一些人预计会重新燃起兴趣,因为开发者意识到在 LLM 之外,需要强大的“传统”机器学习流程,尤其是在合成数据生成(例如学习排序)等任务中。最终,讨论强调 SpaCy 和 LLM 并非相互替代,而是适用于不同用例的工具。
相关文章

原文

spaCy is a library for advanced Natural Language Processing in Python and Cython. It's built on the very latest research, and was designed from day one to be used in real products.

spaCy comes with pretrained pipelines and currently supports tokenization and training for 70+ languages. It features state-of-the-art speed and neural network models for tagging, parsing, named entity recognition, text classification and more, multi-task learning with pretrained transformers like BERT, as well as a production-ready training system and easy model packaging, deployment and workflow management. spaCy is commercial open-source software, released under the MIT license.

💫 Version 3.8 out now! Check out the release notes here.

tests Current Release Version pypi Version conda Version Python wheels Code style: black
PyPi downloads Conda downloads

Documentation
⭐️ spaCy 101 New to spaCy? Here's everything you need to know!
📚 Usage Guides How to use spaCy and its features.
🚀 New in v3.0 New features, backwards incompatibilities and migration guide.
🪐 Project Templates End-to-end workflows you can clone, modify and run.
🎛 API Reference The detailed reference for spaCy's API.
GPU Processing Use spaCy with CUDA-compatible GPU processing.
📦 Models Download trained pipelines for spaCy.
🦙 Large Language Models Integrate LLMs into spaCy pipelines.
🌌 Universe Plugins, extensions, demos and books from the spaCy ecosystem.
⚙️ spaCy VS Code Extension Additional tooling and features for working with spaCy's config files.
👩‍🏫 Online Course Learn spaCy in this free and interactive online course.
📰 Blog Read about current spaCy and Prodigy development, releases, talks and more from Explosion.
📺 Videos Our YouTube channel with video tutorials, talks and more.
🔴 Live Stream Join Matt as he works on spaCy and chat about NLP, live every week.
🛠 Changelog Changes and version history.
💝 Contribute How to contribute to the spaCy project and code base.
👕 Swag Support us and our work with unique, custom-designed swag!
Tailored Solutions Custom NLP consulting, implementation and strategic advice by spaCy’s core development team. Streamlined, production-ready, predictable and maintainable. Send us an email or take our 5-minute questionnaire, and well'be in touch! Learn more →

💬 Where to ask questions

The spaCy project is maintained by the spaCy team. Please understand that we won't be able to provide individual support via email. We also believe that help is much more valuable if it's shared publicly, so that more people can benefit from it.

  • Support for 70+ languages
  • Trained pipelines for different languages and tasks
  • Multi-task learning with pretrained transformers like BERT
  • Support for pretrained word vectors and embeddings
  • State-of-the-art speed
  • Production-ready training system
  • Linguistically-motivated tokenization
  • Components for named entity recognition, part-of-speech-tagging, dependency parsing, sentence segmentation, text classification, lemmatization, morphological analysis, entity linking and more
  • Easily extensible with custom components and attributes
  • Support for custom models in PyTorch, TensorFlow and other frameworks
  • Built in visualizers for syntax and NER
  • Easy model packaging, deployment and workflow management
  • Robust, rigorously evaluated accuracy

📖 For more details, see the facts, figures and benchmarks.

For detailed installation instructions, see the documentation.

  • Operating system: macOS / OS X · Linux · Windows (Cygwin, MinGW, Visual Studio)
  • Python version: Python >=3.7, <3.13 (only 64 bit)
  • Package managers: pip · conda (via conda-forge)

Using pip, spaCy releases are available as source packages and binary wheels. Before you install spaCy and its dependencies, make sure that your pip, setuptools and wheel are up to date.

pip install -U pip setuptools wheel
pip install spacy

To install additional data tables for lemmatization and normalization you can run pip install spacy[lookups] or install spacy-lookups-data separately. The lookups package is needed to create blank models with lemmatization data, and to lemmatize in languages that don't yet come with pretrained models and aren't powered by third-party libraries.

When using pip it is generally recommended to install packages in a virtual environment to avoid modifying system state:

python -m venv .env
source .env/bin/activate
pip install -U pip setuptools wheel
pip install spacy

You can also install spaCy from conda via the conda-forge channel. For the feedstock including the build recipe and configuration, check out this repository.

conda install -c conda-forge spacy

Some updates to spaCy may require downloading new statistical models. If you're running spaCy v2.0 or higher, you can use the validate command to check if your installed models are compatible and if not, print details on how to update them:

pip install -U spacy
python -m spacy validate

If you've trained your own models, keep in mind that your training and runtime inputs must match. After updating spaCy, we recommend retraining your models with the new version.

📖 For details on upgrading from spaCy 2.x to spaCy 3.x, see the migration guide.

📦 Download model packages

Trained pipelines for spaCy can be installed as Python packages. This means that they're a component of your application, just like any other module. Models can be installed using spaCy's download command, or manually by pointing pip to a path or URL.

# Download best-matching version of specific model for your spaCy installation
python -m spacy download en_core_web_sm

# pip install .tar.gz archive or .whl from path or URL
pip install /Users/you/en_core_web_sm-3.0.0.tar.gz
pip install /Users/you/en_core_web_sm-3.0.0-py3-none-any.whl
pip install https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/en_core_web_sm-3.0.0/en_core_web_sm-3.0.0.tar.gz

To load a model, use spacy.load() with the model name or a path to the model data directory.

import spacy
nlp = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm")
doc = nlp("This is a sentence.")

You can also import a model directly via its full name and then call its load() method with no arguments.

import spacy
import en_core_web_sm

nlp = en_core_web_sm.load()
doc = nlp("This is a sentence.")

📖 For more info and examples, check out the models documentation.

The other way to install spaCy is to clone its GitHub repository and build it from source. That is the common way if you want to make changes to the code base. You'll need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a Python distribution including header files, a compiler, pip, virtualenv and git installed. The compiler part is the trickiest. How to do that depends on your system.

Platform
Ubuntu Install system-level dependencies via apt-get: sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev git .
Mac Install a recent version of XCode, including the so-called "Command Line Tools". macOS and OS X ship with Python and git preinstalled.
Windows Install a version of the Visual C++ Build Tools or Visual Studio Express that matches the version that was used to compile your Python interpreter.

For more details and instructions, see the documentation on compiling spaCy from source and the quickstart widget to get the right commands for your platform and Python version.

git clone https://github.com/explosion/spaCy
cd spaCy

python -m venv .env
source .env/bin/activate

# make sure you are using the latest pip
python -m pip install -U pip setuptools wheel

pip install -r requirements.txt
pip install --no-build-isolation --editable .

To install with extras:

pip install --no-build-isolation --editable .[lookups,cuda102]

spaCy comes with an extensive test suite. In order to run the tests, you'll usually want to clone the repository and build spaCy from source. This will also install the required development dependencies and test utilities defined in the requirements.txt.

Alternatively, you can run pytest on the tests from within the installed spacy package. Don't forget to also install the test utilities via spaCy's requirements.txt:

pip install -r requirements.txt
python -m pytest --pyargs spacy
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