``` IRIX 简介 ```

``` IRIX 简介 ```
IRIX Introduction

原始链接: http://www.sgistuff.net/software/irixintro/index.html

## SGI IRIX 操作系统：简要历史 SGI 的 IRIX 操作系统与它的硬件一同发展，最初使用摩托罗拉 CPU 的系统，随后过渡到基于 MIPS 的工作站。早期版本如 4D1 (1988) 基于 UNIX System V Release 3，并带有 BSD 增强功能和 4Sight 窗口系统。后来，SGI 采用了 X Window System (X11) 并进行了自定义。 IRIX 5.0 (1993) 引入了 UNIX System V Release 4 的特性，包括 ELF 可执行文件，并随后整合了 XFS 日志文件系统。完整的 64 位支持随 IRIX 6.0 (1994) 发布。最终版本 IRIX 6.5.30 (2006) 标志着积极开发的结束，尽管支持一直持续到 2013 年。选择合适的 IRIX 版本很大程度上取决于具体的 SGI 系统——它的系列、处理器和图形硬件。主要版本包括 5.3 (适用于较旧的 R3000 系统)、6.2 (适用于低端 Indigo/Indy 配置) 以及 6.5.22/6.5.30 (适用于较新的系统，如 O2 和 Octane)。硬件限制，例如 RAM 大小，也会决定合适的版本。

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Brief History

The first operating system developed for SGI systems ran on the IRIS line of terminals and workstations based on Motorola CPUs (see GL2 history). When the MIPS based IRIS 4D systems were introduced the 4D1 operating system accompanied these computers.

The earliest common version is 4D1-3.0 (1988). IRIX 3.x was based on UNIX System V Release 3 with 4.3BSD enhancements, and incorporated the 4Sight windowing system, based on NeWS and IRIS GL.

The next major version (4D1-4.0) was introduced in 1991. SGI replaced 4Sight with the X Window System (X11R4), using Xsgi and the 4Dwm window manager providing a similar look and feel to 4Sight.

When the next version was introduced, the name IRIX was more widely used. IRIX 5.0, released in 1993, incorporated certain features of UNIX System V Release 4, including ELF-format executables. Later on in the IRIX 5 lifecycle the XFS journaling file system was introduced.

Beginning with IRIX 6.0, released in 1994 during the IRIX 5 era, full 64-bit support was added. After a few platform specific releases with IRIX 6.5 the last "major" all platform release was introduced.

The last IRIX release is IRIX 6.5.30, introduced in August 2006. The IRIX product line was discontinued after this version, according to the press release dated September, 6th 2006 support for IRIX will continue at least until December 2013.

Main Versions

Introduction

To decide which IRIX version is suitable for a system it is important to know specific information about the computer itself:

Which system family is it (O2, Indy, Origin 2000, ...)?
Which processor is installed?
Which graphics hardware is in it (if any)?
Are there options that require specific drivers?

Another thing to note is that there are platform specific releases, that were made when some new hardware was introduced. These usually don't support all hardware that was available at the time.

This chapter will go on with an introduction to most important all platform IRIX releases. It will conclude with a paragraph containing some considerations and recommendations for the choice of ann appropriate IRIX version.

Major Versions

Of all IRIX releases the following are the most important:

IRIX 5.3: IRIX 5.3 was the last IRIX version to include support for systems with R3000 CPU. So this is the most recent operating system that can be installed on 4D era systems (Personal Iris, PowerSeries and so on).
IRIX 6.2: Of the 6.x releases IRIX 6.2 was the first release that did support all current hardware of it's time. Although all of this hardware (except the Crimson) is still supported in the current 6.5 releases IRIX 6.2 can still be a reasonable choice for lowend configurations of Indigo, Indigo 2 or Indy (pre 1996).
IRIX 6.5.22: This version is the last to support many of the popular Silicon Graphics classics like the Indigo 2 or Indy which are equipped with R4x00 microprocessors..
IRIX 6.5.30: IRIX 6.5.30 is the final IRIX release and is suitable for any of the last Silicon Graphics systems that were equipped with MIPS microprocessors (O2, Octane, Fuel, etc.).

Operating System Considerations and Recommendations

The following list starts with current systems and goes back to the early IRIS 4D days (for hardware information go to the systems page. In a similar fashion for all the listed systems the most recent operating system will be named, followed by exceptions that make it neccessary to choose an older version.

O2, O2+, Octane, Octane 2,Fuel

All of these systems can run a current IRIX 6.5 release.

Origin 200, Origin 2000, Onyx 2, Origin 300, Onyx 300,Origin 3000, Onyx 3000

All of these systems can run a current IRIX 6.5 release.

Indigo 2, Challenge M