鲸鱼冲浪鱼
A Whale-Surfing Fish

原始链接: https://apnews.com/article/sucker-fish-riding-whale-remoras-humpback-australia-69db9878c42b7d11e3755ecca4132588

## 鳐鱼的冒险之旅:鲸鱼冲浪被镜头捕捉 科学家在澳大利亚研究座头鲸时,拍摄到了令人惊叹的画面:鳐鱼(也称为吸附鱼)熟练地在鲸鱼跃出水面的过程中穿梭。这些搭便车的鱼类利用吸附盘附着在鲸鱼身上,在广阔的海洋中搭乘,同时以死皮和海虱为食。 画面显示,鳐鱼在鲸鱼跃出水面*之前*脱离,然后以惊人的精准度迅速重新附着。研究人员认为,鲸鱼可能会觉得鳐鱼很烦人,证据是当鳐鱼数量很多时,鲸鱼的跃出水面行为会增加。 虽然这种关系通常被认为是互利的,但鳐鱼的完整旅程仍然是个谜。它们的寿命只有大约两年,并且可能在鲸鱼不在时寻找其他宿主——甚至潜水员。6000英里的迁徙路线引发了关于鳐鱼与鲸鱼同行了多长时间以及它们离开后去向何处的疑问。

一篇关于鱼“鲸鱼冲浪”的最新新闻文章引发了Hacker News上的讨论。这种鱼是管吻鱼,它们会附着在鲸鱼(以及其他海洋生物,如鲨鱼和蝠鲠)身上以获取交通和食物残渣。 用户们注意到管吻鱼独特的吸盘适应性以及它与鲆科的关系。虽然这些鱼为宿主提供了免费的搭车机会,但它们也会增加阻力,引发了关于潜在的共生关系,但对宿主来说能量消耗较大的问题。 讨论以一种有趣的方式延伸开来,一位用户设想了一部基于一只迷路的管吻鱼旅程的迪士尼/皮克斯电影,另一位用户将其与《沙丘》中的沙虫(“沙伊·胡鲁德”)及其骑手进行了比较。文章链接到维基百科上关于鲸鱼虱的文章,以及一篇《自然》杂志上讨论这种行为的利弊的文章。
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原文

WELLINGTON, New Zealand (AP) — There are easier ways to cross an ocean, but few are as slick or stylish as the remora’s whale-surfing joyride.

Scientists tracking humpbacks off the coast of Australia have captured rare footage that shows clutches of the freeloading fish peeling away from their host in what looks like a high-speed game of chicken, just moments before the whale breaches.

As the humpback plunges back below the surface the remoras, also known as sucker fish, return to the whale, sticking their landings with the timing and precision of Olympic gymnasts. It’s elegant work for a hitchhiking fish that lives upside-down and survives on dead skin flakes.

Remora australis spend their lives aboard whales or other large marine mammals, which they ride like giant cruise ships, breeding and feeding their way across stretches of ocean. The species has an adhesive plate on its head that helps to create a kind of vacuum seal, allowing the fish to grab a whale and hang on for the ride.

On whale cams, clingy fish steal the show

The marine scientist who recorded the accidental close-ups of the remoras’ high-speed whale surfing had placed suction-cup cameras on humpbacks during their annual migration from Antarctica to the waters off Australia’s Queensland state. Olaf Meynecke planned to study whale behavior, but his video feeds regularly filled with dozens of photobombing remoras, which rode in groups of up to 50 as they clung to the same spots where his cameras were attached.

“Whenever the whale was breaching and doing in particular fast movements it appears that the sucker fish were responding very quickly to the movements,” said Meynecke, from the Whales and Climate Research Program at Griffith University. “They knew exactly when to let go of the body of the whale before it was breaching the surface of the water and then returned to the same spot only seconds later.”

A hitchhiker with good instincts

Remoras are harmless to the 40-metric ton (44-U.S. ton) giants of the ocean, feeding on the whales’ dead skin and sea lice in a mutually beneficial arrangement — or at least that’s what scientists say. Meynecke said his footage suggested the whales found their hangers-on annoying.

“We’ve had individuals with high numbers of these remoras and they were continually breaching and there were no other whales that they were communicating with,” he said. “It appeared that they’re trying to just get rid of some of these remoras and they were checking whether they had less after they breached.”

The journey’s end remains a mystery

Australia’s so-called humpback highway is a migratory corridor traversed by 40,000 of the mammals, bringing them close to the country’s eastern coastlines for months each year as they move from icy Antarctic waters to the balmy seas off the coast of Queensland and back. How long much of the 10,000-km (6,000-mile) journey is undertaken by the freeloading fish, which only live for about two years, is still a puzzle, Meynecke said.

“I suspect that the majority would probably leave at some point, maybe in temperate waters, but then where do they go?” he said. “Do they find other species that they can then use as a host and wait until the humpback whales have come back?”

In the absence of whales, sucker fish avoid predators by seeking other large creatures to latch onto, including manta rays, dolphins and unlucky scuba divers.

“Much to the annoyance of the divers, of course,” Meynecke said. “They’re not easy to get rid of.”

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