“带透镜的烤面包机”:第一台手持数码相机的故事
A 'toaster with a lens': The story behind the first handheld digital camera

原始链接: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20251205-how-the-handheld-digital-camera-was-born

1978年,柯达工程师史蒂夫·萨森发明了第一台数码相机,为公司获得了一项关键专利。然而,一个关键问题仍然存在:何时这项技术才能与传统胶片相媲美?在面临回答压力的同时,萨森咨询了研究实验室,并确定需要一百万像素(彩色需要两百万像素)才能与甚至低质量的110胶片相匹配。 他的原型仅拥有1万个黑白像素,萨森转向摩尔定律——每两年翻一番的晶体管数量——作为一种乐观的预测。他估计需要15-20年才能使数码质量与胶片相匹配,这一预测与柯达于1995年推出的第一款消费级相机DC40的发布非常吻合。 萨森认为这种准确性是出于运气,依赖摩尔定律作为他估计的可靠依据。该专利最终通过许可为柯达带来了数十亿美元的收入,尽管该公司后来在2012年破产时出售了该权利。

## The First Digital Camera & Kodak's Missed Opportunity This Hacker News discussion centers around the BBC article detailing the invention of the first handheld digital camera by Steve Sasson at Kodak in 1975. While Kodak pioneered the technology, the conversation highlights why they ultimately failed to dominate the digital photography market. A key point raised is that Kodak’s downfall wasn’t a lack of innovation, but internal resistance and a crucial legal setback. A lawsuit win by Honeywell over a Minolta autofocus patent led Japanese camera companies to cease technology sharing with American firms, hindering Kodak’s progress. Many commenters point to Fujifilm’s success as a contrast – they diversified into areas like healthcare and cosmetics, while Kodak remained too focused on its profitable film business for too long. Others share anecdotes about similar situations in other companies, where initial dismissal of disruptive technologies led to eventual market collapse (like point-and-shoot cameras with the rise of the iPhone). The discussion also touches on the broader history of digital imaging technology, noting that Kodak wasn’t alone in early development and that numerous innovations from Bell Labs and other companies were crucial precursors. Ultimately, the story serves as a cautionary tale about the challenges of adapting to disruptive innovation, even when you’re the one who invents it.
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原文

One question never stopped being asked: when would this technology be viable? "I had to come up with an answer. So I called the research labs, and I said, 'How many pixels would I need in order to have equivalent film quality of 110 film', which was like the worst film format you could find." The lab said he would need a million pixels, or two million if the image was going to be in colour.

"I've got 10,000 black and white pixels," Sasson says. He turned to an observation called Moore's law, which said that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit doubled every two years as the technology matured. "Nobody was questioning Moore's law. This was completely digital. I had no idea if CCD technology would follow Moore's law. I doubted if it would, but, you know, I'm desperate. So I did a calculation, and I said, 'Between 15 and 20 years'." Kodak's first consumer digital camera, the DC40, came out in 1995 – 18 years after Sasson's prediction.

"Complete luck," he says. "I take no credit for that prediction. I was so desperate just to get a number out there that was based on something, you know. So if they wanted to challenge it, I'd say, 'Well, here's Moore's law. You go argue with Moore's law.'"

It was really cool being around all these really smart guys that were trying to think about how this stuff is going forward – Steve Sasson

In 1978, Kodak was granted the first patent for a digital camera. It was Sasson's first invention. The patent is thought to have earned Eastman Kodak billions in licensing and infringement payments by the time they sold the rights to it, fearing bankruptcy, in 2012.

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